{"id":8782,"date":"2010-09-25T23:21:45","date_gmt":"2010-09-25T21:21:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/?p=8782"},"modified":"2010-09-25T23:21:45","modified_gmt":"2010-09-25T21:21:45","slug":"mundo-rural-pasado-presente-y-futuro-the-rural-world-past-present-and-future","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/?p=8782","title":{"rendered":"Mundo rural. PASADO PRESENTE Y FUTURO.The rural world: past, present and future"},"content":{"rendered":"

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EL MUNDO RURAL: PASADO PRESENTE Y FUTURO<\/span><\/p>\n

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Despu\u00e9s de la \u00faltima glaciaci\u00f3n, al ir desapareciendo los hielos, gran parte de la superficie terrestre se cubri\u00f3 de bosques.<\/span><\/p>\n

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En Europa estos bosques sirvieron de alimento a los grandes herb\u00edvoros, algunos de ellos hoy d\u00eda ya desaparecidos, posteriormente \u00a0se fueron clareando esas masa forestales para convertirse en pastizales\u00a0 seg\u00fan la opini\u00f3n de los cient\u00edficos, como Heinz Ellenberg \u00a0.Con la llegada de los asentamientos humanos, se produjeron nuevas roturaciones de bosques para el sembrado \u00a0de cereales \u00a0y cultivo de huertas.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Recojamos opiniones de la tertulia del Colegio Mayor<\/span><\/p>\n

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Interviene el moderador: profundos cambios se han producido en el mundo rural.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Le interrumpe el primero: yo me he criado en una dehesa de encinas en Zamora y te puedo contar muchas cosas. Todav\u00eda en el a\u00f1o 1948, no hab\u00eda tractores y todo el trabajo agr\u00edcola se hac\u00eda a mano, se sembraba \u00a0sobre todo centeno y algarrobas y se dispon\u00eda de un peque\u00f1o huerto en las cercan\u00edas del caser\u00edo para el cultivo de tomates pimientos y lechugas .<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0Aprend\u00ed lo que significaba barbecho (dejar un a\u00f1o la tierra para que se reponga sin cultivarla).Yo les llev\u00e9 algunas veces la comida a los segadores que lo hac\u00edan de sol a sol por el salario diario de siete pesetas .Las ovejas com\u00edan las bellotas y las cabras aprovechaban los restos de grano que quedaban en el suelo, despu\u00e9s de la siega. Los conejos las liebres y perdices eran abundantes.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Pero sobre todo destacaba el \u201ccebonero\u201d un edificio de piedra ,un poco alejado del caser\u00edo donde se cebaban los puercos para la matanza. \u00a0Los bueyes serv\u00edan para\u201d carretar\u201d el cereal y para trillar y \u00a0s\u00e9 pasaban 12 horas atados al trillo para que las espiga soltase el grano. Eso eran las dehesas, ahora que se ponen como modelo de agricultura ecol\u00f3gica.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Aparece el segundo: todo eso est\u00e1 muy bien, en aquella \u00e9poca un porcentaje alt\u00edsimo de la poblaci\u00f3n viv\u00eda de la agricultura y ahora est\u00e1 entre el dos y el cuatro por ciento. \u00a0Muchos \u00a0pueblos se han quedado abandonados y solo quedan algunos ancianos. La verdad que es deplorable, este cambio tan r\u00e1pido<\/span><\/p>\n

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Interviene el tercero: el trabajo artesanal con el arado y los bueyes, ha sido sustituido por la mecanizaci\u00f3n, con resultados nada buenos.Tras la venida de los tractores, vinieron los fertilizantes qu\u00edmicos, los pesticidas, los fungidas y los herbicidas. As\u00ed se han ido contaminado las aguas y los suelos<\/span><\/p>\n

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Aparece el cuarto: le\u00ed\u00a0 este verano un libro sobe los \u201ccostes ocultos\u201d de los cultivos intensivos en Europa, estimulados por la PAC ( Pol\u00edtica Agraria Comunitaria) para aumentar la producci\u00f3n, que te quedas asustado. Dec\u00eda, que como consecuencia de la contaminaci\u00f3n de las aguas , los ingleses gastaban un mont\u00f3n de libras en depurarlas para el consumo p\u00fablico.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Continua el quinto: El problema es muy grave, las tierras mejor situadas, en la llanura y con suelos profundos se las ha sometido a unas labores de intensificaci\u00f3n que han quedado agotados sus recursos y los suelos se han esquilmado; y por otro lado las tierra de monta\u00f1a o de ladera ,consideradas como menos productivas se han \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0abandonado (dejado de cultivar) y en ella ha crecido el matorral.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Interviene el sexto te contar\u00e9 un caso que me dej\u00f3 asombrado en una zona de Asturias , en Paredes, \u00a0donde los peque\u00f1os poblados est\u00e1n casi abandonados y las tierras que en otro \u00e9poca se cultivaban de cereales o eran praderas, ahora est\u00e1n plantadas de pino y entre los pinares crece un brezal-tojal como consecuencia del abandono.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Y lo peor \u00a0es, que en verano la maleza que crece entre el pinar aumenta en porcentajes alt\u00edsimos la peligrosidad de incendios. Y las p\u00e9rdidas por fuegos son muy altas, adem\u00e1s de la p\u00e9rdida de vidas humanas.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Aparece el s\u00e9ptimo:los\u00a0 pastores trashumantes \u00a0se acaban y los pastos semi-naturales del litoral Cant\u00e1brico corren el mismo camino, su gran biodiversidad se pierde al ser \u00a0sustituidos por el cultivo masivo de ma\u00edz forrajero en toda la zona.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Somiedo Parque natural.Asturias Spain.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Somiedo Parque Natural.Asturias. Spain<\/span><\/p>\n

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The rural world: past, present and future
\nAfter the last glaciation, ice fades away, much of the land area covered by forest.<\/span>
\nIn Europe, these forests provide food for large herbivores, some of them no longer exist today, then it was clear these forest mass to become grassland in the opinion of scientists, such as Heinz Elleberg. With the arrival of human settlements, were further destruction of forests for the planting of cereals and \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0to farm vegetables.<\/span>
\nCollect opinions of the gathering of the\u00a0\u00a0 University College<\/span><\/p>\n

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We stop first: I grew up in a Dehesa of \u00a0oaks in Zamora and I can tell you many things. As late as 1948, there were tractors and all agricultural work was done by hand, planted mostly rye and pods and had a small orchard near the village for growing tomatoes, peppers and lettuce.
\n\u00a0I learned what it meant fallow land (leave a year\u00a0 land uncultivated). I sometimes brought them food to the farmer as they did from dawn to dusk for the daily wage of seven pesetas. The sheep ate acorns and goats took e of the remains of grain left in the soil after harvest. Rabbits hares and partridges were plentiful.<\/span><\/p>\n

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But above all highlighted the \u00abcebonero\u00bb a stone building, a bit away from the village where the pigs are fattened for slaughter. The oxen were used to cart the grain and threshed and spent 12 hours tied to the threshing machine for the spike, release the grain. That was the \u201cDehesa\u201d , now that it put a model of \u00a0agricultures ecological.<\/p>\n

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Appears the second: that’s all very well, at that time a high percentage of the population lived on agriculture and are now only between two and four percent. Many villages have been abandoned and there are only a few elders. The unfortunate truth is, this sudden change<\/span><\/p>\n

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Involving the third, the handcrafted with the plow and oxen have been replaced by mechanization, with no good results .Afters the coming of tractors, came the chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides .In this way We have been contaminated waters and soils
\nComes the fourth: I read a book this summer about the \u00abhidden costs\u00bb of intensive agriculture in Europe, encouraged by the CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) to increase production, you get scared. He said that as a result of water pollution, the English spent a lot of pounds in debug for public consumption<\/span><\/p>\n

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Continuing the fifth: The problem is very serious, the best situated lands in the plain and deep soil they have been subjected to a\u00a0 intensification have been exhausted their resources and soils have been depleted, and the land on the\u00a0 mountain or hillside, seen as less productive were dropped (no longer growing) and it has grown bush.
\nThe sixth involved a case that will tell you I was amazed in an area of Asturias, in Paredes, where small towns are almost deserted and the land they were grown grain in another time or were prairie , are now planted with pine and between pine , gorse grows as a result of neglect.<\/span><\/p>\n

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The worst thing is that in summer the heather that grows between the pine Increase the high fire danger. And fire losses are very high, plus the loss of human life.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\nAppears on the seventh: the shepherds are finished and semi-natural pastures of the Cantabrian coastline face the same way, its biodiversity is lost to be replaced by the massive cultivation of forage maize in the whole area<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tweet\u00a0 …………………………. EL MUNDO RURAL: PASADO PRESENTE Y FUTURO \u00a0 Despu\u00e9s de la \u00faltima glaciaci\u00f3n, al ir desapareciendo los hielos, gran parte de la superficie terrestre se cubri\u00f3 de bosques. \u00a0 En Europa estos bosques sirvieron de alimento a los grandes herb\u00edvoros, algunos de ellos hoy d\u00eda ya desaparecidos, posteriormente \u00a0se fueron clareando esas masa […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8782","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-flora"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8782","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8782"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8782\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8789,"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8782\/revisions\/8789"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8782"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8782"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8782"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}