{"id":34956,"date":"2016-07-13T13:54:49","date_gmt":"2016-07-13T11:54:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/?p=34956"},"modified":"2016-07-13T13:54:49","modified_gmt":"2016-07-13T11:54:49","slug":"la-respuesta-de-la-naturaleza-al-riesgo-climatico-natures-answer-to-climate-risk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/?p=34956","title":{"rendered":"La respuesta de la naturaleza al riesgo clim\u00e1tico.Nature\u2019s Answer to Climate Risk"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Maria Damanaki<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Maria Damanaki, ex Comisario Europeo de Asuntos Mar\u00edtimos y Pesca, es director general de Global Oceans at The Nature Conservancy.<\/span><\/p>\n

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La respuesta de la naturaleza al riesgo clim\u00e1tico<\/span><\/p>\n

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Nature\u2019s Answer to Climate Risk<\/span><\/p>\n

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Londres \u2013 casi la mitad de la poblaci\u00f3n mundial \u2013 algunas personas 3,5 billones \u2013 viven cerca de las costas. Como clima cambio exacerba los efectos de las tormentas, inundaciones y erosi\u00f3n, la vida y el sustento de cientos de millones de personas estar\u00e1n en peligro. De hecho, la \u00faltima edici\u00f3n del informe de evaluaci\u00f3n de riesgo de mundial del Foro econ\u00f3mico mundial nombra a fracaso para adaptarse a los efectos del cambio clim\u00e1tico como el mayor riesgo individual, en t\u00e9rminos de impacto, a las sociedades y las econom\u00edas de todo el mundo.<\/span><\/p>\n

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M\u00e1s all\u00e1 de poner en peligro la vida, tormentas m\u00e1s frecuentes y m\u00e1s fuertes pueden costar muchos miles de millones de d\u00f3lares, debido a da\u00f1os de infraestructura y p\u00e9rdida de ingresos de la agricultura, la pesca y el turismo. Y, como el Harvard Business Review recientemente se\u00f1al\u00f3, el costo proyectado se levanta con cada nuevo estudio. Todav\u00eda la comunidad internacional gasta actualmente en mitigaci\u00f3n del riesgo menos de una quinta parte de lo que gasta en respuesta a los desastres naturales.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Cuando se trata de riesgo clim\u00e1tico, una onza de prevenci\u00f3n vale una libra de curaci\u00f3n. Como Rebecca Scheurer, Director<\/strong> del centro de preparaci\u00f3n del rojo cruz Global desastre, ponerlo, \u00abgastan millones de d\u00f3lares por parte de la respuesta y fuimos a invertir esos recursos en la parte delantera que nos ahorrar\u00edamos m\u00e1s gente. Es tan simple como eso\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Con el ser humano y los costos financieros del cambio clim\u00e1tico, atrayendo m\u00e1s atenci\u00f3n que nunca, ahora es el momento de cambio recursos hacia la reducci\u00f3n del riesgo<\/strong>. Hacerlo requerir\u00e1 de los gobiernos nacionales, industria, organizaciones de ayuda y otras organizaciones no gubernamentales para aprovechar al m\u00e1ximo sus inversiones. Y algunas de las soluciones m\u00e1s eficaces y rentables ya est\u00e1n disponibles en la naturaleza.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Los ecosistemas costeros y marinos tienen un potencial considerable para mitigar los efectos de las tormentas y otros riesgos, especial<\/strong>mente cuando se combinan con la tradicional infraestructura construida. Un cintur\u00f3n de 100 metros de los manglares, por ejemplo, puede reducir de altura de olas de hasta un 66% y bajos niveles de agua m\u00e1ximo durante las inundaciones<\/strong>. Un arrecife de coral sano puede reducir la fuerza de la onda en un 97%, disminuyendo as\u00ed el impacto de las tormentas y prevenir la erosi\u00f3n<\/strong>. Estos y otros ecosistemas costeros son la primera l\u00ednea de defensa para muchas ciudades del mundo, desde Miami a Manila.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Hasta hace poco, estas soluciones basadas en la naturaleza fueron demasiado a menudo pasado por alto. Pero los l\u00edderes cada vez m\u00e1s reconocen su importancia y empiezan a tomar medidas, incluso a nivel internacional. El acuerdo clim\u00e1tico de Par\u00eds, alcanzado en diciembre pasado y firm\u00f3 el mes pasado, no s\u00f3lo estableci\u00f3 un consenso sobre la importancia de abordar el cambio clim\u00e1tico, sino tambi\u00e9n expl\u00edcitamente afirma que los ecosistemas desempe\u00f1an un papel en la captura de invernadero comunidades gases y ayudar a adaptan a los efectos del cambio clim\u00e1tico.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Incluso la industria de seguros \u2013 que comprende lo que puede ser las empresas m\u00e1s reacios al riesgo en el mundo \u2013 ve el potencial en soluciones naturales. En la \u00faltima d\u00e9cada, las compa\u00f1\u00edas de seguros han pagado unos $ 300 billones por da\u00f1os relacionados con el clima, a menudo para la reconstrucci\u00f3n de las mismas estructuras vulnerables. No es de extra\u00f1ar, entonces, que la reaseguradora Swiss Re ha realizado estudios sobre la reducci\u00f3n de los riesgos costosos de huracanes a las comunidades costeras.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Seg\u00fan un estudio de Swiss Re, Barbados pierde el equivalente a 4% de su PIB cada a\u00f1o en costos relacionados con el hurac\u00e1n. Pero cada d\u00f3lar gastado para proteger los manglares y los arrecifes de coral ahorra $20 en la p\u00e9rdida de futuros huracanes. Dado estos resultados, ya no es inconcebible que las compa\u00f1\u00edas de seguros podr\u00edan un d\u00eda escribir cobertura para zonas h\u00famedas y dem\u00e1s infraestructura natural que ofrece protecci\u00f3n para comunidades costeras y las econom\u00edas.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Tambi\u00e9n la naturaleza puede ayudar a proteger los medios de subsistencia. Un proyecto de restauraci\u00f3n de manglares llevado por la Cruz Roja en Vietnam no s\u00f3lo reduce da\u00f1os a diques y otra infraestructura construida, sino que tambi\u00e9n dio lugar a un mayor rendimiento de la acuicultura y as\u00ed m\u00e1s ingresos para las comunidades locales<\/strong>. Un proyecto de restauraci\u00f3n de manglares y corales en Granada, un esfuerzo conjunto de la Cruz Roja, the Nature Conservancy y los pescadores de la comunidad de Grenville de Granada, tambi\u00e9n ha demostrado gran potencial para incrementar la resistencia. A s\u00f3lo 30 metros de arrecife y coral han demostrado aumentar significativamente la poblaci\u00f3n de langosta, caracoles, pulpos y erizos.<\/span><\/p>\n

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LONDON \u2013 Nearly half the world\u2019s population \u2013 some 3.5 billion people \u2013 lives near coasts. As climate change exacerbates the effects of storms, flooding, and erosion, the lives and livelihoods of hundreds of millions of those people will be at risk. In fact, the latest edition of the World Economic Forum\u2019s World Risk Assessment Report<\/a> <\/i><\/i>names failure to adapt to the effects of climate change as the single greatest risk, in terms of impact, to societies and economies around the world.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Beyond endangering lives, more frequent and stronger storms could cost many billions of dollars, owing to infrastructure damage and lost revenues from farming, fisheries, and tourism. And, as the Harvard Business Review <\/i>recently noted<\/a>, the projected cost rises with each new study. Yet the international community currently spends<\/a> on risk mitigation less than one-fifth of what it spends on natural-disaster response.<\/span><\/p>\n

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When it comes to climate risk, an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. As Rebecca Scheurer, Director of the Red Cross Global Disaster Preparedness Center, put it<\/a>, \u201cWe spend millions of dollars on the response side, and were we to invest more of those resources on the front end we\u2019d save more people. It\u2019s as simple as that.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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With the human and the financial costs of climate change attracting more attention than ever, now is the time to shift resources toward risk reduction. Doing so will require national governments, industry, aid organizations, and other NGOs to make the most of their investments. And some of the most effective and cost-effective solutions are already available in nature.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Coastal and marine ecosystems have considerable potential to mitigate the effects of storms and other risks, especially when combined with traditional built infrastructure. A 100-meter belt of mangroves, for example, can reduce wave height<\/a> by up to 66% and lower peak water levels during floods. A healthy coral reef can reduce wave force<\/a> by 97%, lessening the impact of storms and preventing erosion. These and other coastal ecosystems are the first line of defense for many cities around the world, from Miami to Manila.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Until recently, such nature-based solutions were too often overlooked. But leaders increasingly recognize their importance, and are beginning to take action, including on the international level. The Paris climate agreement<\/a>, reached last December and signed last month, not only established a consensus on the importance of addressing climate change, but also explicitly affirmed that ecosystems play a role in capturing greenhouse gases and helping communities adapt to the effects of climate change.<\/span><\/p>\n

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At the national level, some of the most at-risk island countries are taking important steps. For example, last year, the Seychelles announced a first-of-its-kind \u201cdebt for nature\u201d swap with its Paris Club creditors and The Nature Conservancy. The swap will allow the country to redirect $21.6 million<\/a> of its debt toward investment in a comprehensive approach to ocean conservation that will bolster its resilience to climate change.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Private-sector leaders, too, are starting to look toward natural tools. Engineering firms like CH2M are working with coastal communities in the Gulf of Mexico and beyond to find hybrid solutions that combine traditional and nature-based approaches.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Even the insurance industry \u2013 comprising what may be the most risk-averse companies in the world \u2013 sees the potential in natural solutions. Over the last decade, insurers have paid out some $300 billion for climate-related damage, often to rebuild the same vulnerable structures. It is not surprising, then, that the reinsurer Swiss Re has conducted studies on mitigating the costly risks of hurricanes to coastal communities.<\/span><\/p>\n

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According to one Swiss Re study, Barbados loses the equivalent of 4% of its GDP every year to hurricane-related costs. But every dollar spent to protect mangroves and coral reefs saved $20 in future hurricane losses. Given such findings, it is no longer inconceivable that insurance companies might one day write coverage for wetlands and other natural infrastructure that offers protection for coastal communities and economies.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Nature can also help to protect livelihoods. A Red Cross-led mangrove restoration project in Vietnam not only reduced damage to dykes and other built infrastructure, but also resulted in higher aquaculture yields and thus more income for the local communities. A mangrove and coral restoration project in Grenada \u2013 a joint effort of the Red Cross, the Nature Conservancy, and the fishers of Grenada\u2019s Grenville community \u2013 has also shown great potential to increase resilience. Just 30 meters of reef and coral have been shown to increase substantially the population of lobster, conch, octopus, and urchins.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Support Project Syndicate\u2019s<\/em><\/span> misi\u00f3n<\/span><\/h2>\n

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Project Syndicate<\/em> needs your help to provide readers everywhere equal access to the ideas and debates shaping their lives.<\/span><\/p>\n

Learn more<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

Climate and disaster resilience is a challenge that spans across sectors. So too must our solutions. Such collaborative efforts are vital to the development and implementation of more effective preventive strategies. The World Bank, the Nature Conservancy, and partner researchers (including ecologists, economists, and engineers) have recently published a report<\/a> offering guidelines for such cooperation. Specifically, the report recommends calculating the value of coastal ecosystems in terms of protected capital and infrastructure, based on approaches commonly used by the insurance and engineering industries.<\/span><\/p>\n

In the face of rising climate and disaster risk, investments in nature-based solutions can protect lives and safeguard prosperity in a cost-effective manner \u2013 all while preserving imperiled natural ecosystems around the world. It is time for governments, business, and NGOs alike to recognize that when it comes to fighting the effects of climate change and protecting coastal communities, preserving and restoring nature may be the smartest investment we can make.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tweet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Maria Damanaki Maria Damanaki, ex Comisario Europeo de Asuntos Mar\u00edtimos y Pesca, es director general de Global Oceans at The Nature Conservancy. ……..           ….. La respuesta de la naturaleza al riesgo clim\u00e1tico …………. Nature\u2019s Answer to Climate Risk ,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,, Londres \u2013 casi la mitad de la poblaci\u00f3n mundial […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,5,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34956","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-divulgacion","category-etnopaisaje","category-mis-dibujos"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34956","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=34956"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34956\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34962,"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34956\/revisions\/34962"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=34956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=34956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=34956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}