{"id":19707,"date":"2012-07-06T20:34:33","date_gmt":"2012-07-06T18:34:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/?p=19707"},"modified":"2012-07-06T20:34:33","modified_gmt":"2012-07-06T18:34:33","slug":"apuntes-sobre-la-economia-furtiva-del-capitalismo-notes-on-the-economy-of-capitalism-poaching","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/?p=19707","title":{"rendered":"Apuntes sobre la econom\u00eda furtiva del Capitalismo. Notes on the economy of Capitalism poaching"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/twitter.com\/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.floracantabrica.com%2F%3Fp%3D19707&amp;count=none&amp;lang=es&amp;via=lorencincoreses&amp;related=Mujerverdosa&amp;text=Apuntes sobre la econom\u00eda furtiva del Capitalismo. Notes on the economy of Capitalism poaching - Flora Cant\u00e1brica\" class=\"twitter-share-button\">Tweet<\/a><\/p><p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Apuntes sobre la econom\u00eda furtiva del Capitalismo.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong> <\/strong>Notes on the economy of Capitalism poaching<strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u2026<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u2026..<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Taifa<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u2026\u2026<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Vamos a la tertulia del University College<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>..<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Etnopaisaje.com<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-19710\" title=\"image002\" src=\"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/07\/image0025.gif\" alt=\"image002\" width=\"647\" height=\"485\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/07\/image0025.gif 647w, https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/07\/image0025-300x224.gif 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 647px) 100vw, 647px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>,,,,,,,,,,<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>,,,<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>,,<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Interviene el moderador<\/strong>: \u00a0los autores del informe TAIFA , nos dicen \u201c <strong>la econom\u00eda sumergida, el narcotr\u00e1fico, el comercio de armas, los para\u00edsos fiscales, la prostituci\u00f3n, son importantes<\/strong> cuantitativamente por su volumen y porque, manteni\u00e9ndose en los m\u00e1rgenes del sistema logran realizar<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">sus <strong>importantes negocios sin obligaciones fiscales y sin someterse a regulaciones de ninguna clase<\/strong>. En cierto modo reflejan lo que ser\u00eda un mercado en estado puro, si no fuera porque al estar fuera de la ley han de tratar de capearla<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Involving the moderator: the report&#8217;s authors Taifa, we say \u00abthe economy, drug trafficking, arms trade, tax havens, prostitution, are quantitatively important in volume and because staying on the margins of the system perform their important business and without being subjected to regulations of any kind<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><strong>Recogemos algunas de las frases del informe a modo de resumen<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">2.1. El N\u00facleo blando<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">2.1.1. La zona oscura<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">2.1.1.1. La econom\u00eda sumergida<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">2.1.1.2. El narcotr\u00e1fico, la prostituci\u00f3n, el tr\u00e1fico de armas<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">2.1.2. La zona gris<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">2.1.2.1. Los para\u00edsos fiscales y el fraude fiscal<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">2.1.2.2. Las prisiones<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">2.1.3. La zona blanca<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">2.1.3.1. Las ONGs y fundaciones<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">3.- Conclusiones<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026<strong>2. LA ECONOM\u00cdA FURTIVA DEL CAPITALISMO<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">nosotros partimos aqu\u00ed de distinguir entre<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">lo que <strong>clasificaremos como n\u00facleo duro y blando del capitalismo<\/strong>,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">se\u00f1alando como el \u00e1mbito de actuaci\u00f3n del sistema<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">est\u00e1 dividido, a efectos de gesti\u00f3n y control operativo, en<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">dos n\u00facleos sectoriales, -un n\u00facleo duro y un n\u00facleo blando ambos<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">org\u00e1nicamente relacionados, intervenidos de forma<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">y por agentes diferentes<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026..<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong><em>En el n\u00facleo duro<\/em><\/strong>, el capitalismo act\u00faa abiertamente, de<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>forma legal y homog\u00e9nea, y est\u00e1 protegido por las instituciones<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>que conforman la superestructura<\/strong>; justicia, ej\u00e9rcito,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">instituciones pol\u00edtico-administrativas, etc. Consiste en las<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">actividades econ\u00f3micas consideradas `normales\u00b4 y, por supuesto,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">legales: Las empresas de todo tipo: industriales, de<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">servicios, financieras, grandes y peque\u00f1as, todo aquello que<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">constituye lo que habitualmente se entiende por actividad<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">econ\u00f3mica.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026..<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong><em>En el n\u00facleo blando<\/em><\/strong><strong>, se desarrollan tambi\u00e9n m\u00faltiples actividades<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>productivas,<\/strong> mercantiles y financieras que son productoras<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">de beneficios, operativas para el desarrollo org\u00e1nico<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">del sistema pero que, por lo menos en principio<strong>, no aparecen<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>protegidas por las instituciones del mismo<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u2026<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u2026\u2026.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Lo denominamos<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">el circuito furtivo del capital, t\u00e9rmino que deducimos de la<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">propia \u00e9tica capitalista, que en <strong>su mayor\u00eda las considera il\u00edcitas,<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>y las califica de ilegales <\/strong>porque violan esencialmente dos<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">de su exigencias normativas: 1) <strong>evaden las leyes<\/strong> y los reglamentos<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">obligatorios que el Estado establece para con el fisco;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">y 2) <strong>incumplen las regulaciones<\/strong> que el Estado decreta en materia<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">laboral, ambiental, comercial, monetaria, etc<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">En este n\u00facleo blando, en el circuito furtivo del capital,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">se pueden <strong>destacar tres zonas que se relacionan entre s\u00ed<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&#8211; <strong>una zona oscura<\/strong>, d\u00f3nde encontramos la l\u00f3gica del sistema<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">actuando en mercados que operan entre la legalidad<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">y la ilegalidad, <strong>como la droga, las armas, la prostituci\u00f3n<\/strong>, el<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">comercio de piedras preciosas, as\u00ed como aquellas actividades<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">que se realizan en la <strong>llamada econom\u00eda sumergida;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>&#8211; una zona gris o intermedia<\/strong>, d\u00f3nde volvemos a encontrar<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">la l\u00f3gica del sistema y la operaci\u00f3n entre la legalidad y la<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">ilegalidad, pero con el objetivo de que la evasi\u00f3n de capitales<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">privados de personas, empresas e instituciones financieras, e<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">incluso la de <strong>cierto n\u00famero de ONGs y<\/strong> entidades religiosas,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">sea posible en un momento dado;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&#8211; <strong>y una zona blanca<\/strong>, en la cual act\u00faan legalmente aquellas<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">instituciones que <strong>reciben ayudas y apoyos fiscales (deducciones)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>del sistema<\/strong>, que ostentan la forma de fundaciones<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">y ONGs principalmente. En esta \u00faltima zona entran,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">salen y se organizan asociaciones, muchas disfrazadas bajo<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">la formula de sin animo de lucro<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">RECUADRO 1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">N\u00daCLEOS, ZONAS Y CIRCUITOS DEL ESPACIO<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">CAPITALISTA<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&#8211; \u00c1mbito capitalista = econom\u00eda mundo = n\u00facleo<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">duro y n\u00facleo blando<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&#8211; N\u00facleo duro = circuito abierto del capital<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&#8211; N\u00facleo blando = zona oscura + zona gris + zona<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">blanca<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&#8211; Zona oscura = econom\u00eda de la delincuencia (tr\u00e1fico<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">de armas, de drogas, prostituci\u00f3n)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&#8211; Zona gris = circuito que se mueve entre la legalidad<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">y la ilegalidad del capital<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&#8211; Zona blanca = circuito aparente del capital = ONG\u2019s,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">cooperativas, asociaciones, etc<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&#8212;&#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&#8212;&#8212;-<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">2.1. EL N\u00daCLEO BLANDO<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">2.1.1. La zona oscura<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Ya se ha se\u00f1alado que consideramos zona oscura aquella<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">d\u00f3nde encontramos la l\u00f3gica del sistema actuando en mercados<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">que <strong>operan entre la legalidad y la ilegalidad<\/strong>, como<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">las actividades incluidas en la denominada econom\u00eda sumergida;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">pero buena parte de las actividades econ\u00f3micas<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">contenidas en dicha zona <strong>pueden tambi\u00e9n ser consideradas<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>como econom\u00eda de la delincuencia (o de la criminalidad<\/strong>):<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">narcotr\u00e1fico, comercio de armas, prostituci\u00f3n, blanqueo de<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">capitales, corrupci\u00f3n, tr\u00e1fico personas, de piedras preciosas,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">etc<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong> Una econom\u00eda fraudulenta forzosamente se tiene que<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>apoyar en actividades delictivas<\/strong>, destacando entre ellas la<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">corrupci\u00f3n7 y la desviaci\u00f3n de flujos monetarios procedentes<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">de operaciones il\u00edcitas, acciones tan ampliamente generalizadas<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">en este per\u00edodo del capitalismo neoliberal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><em>\u2026\u2026.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong><em>2.1.1.1. La econom\u00eda sumergida<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><em>\u2026<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><em>\u2026..<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Un buen ejemplo de actividades legalmente ilegales. Esta<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">variante de la econom\u00eda es nombrada con muy diversos adjetivos:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">econom\u00eda informal, subterr\u00e1nea, oculta<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">No existe una definici\u00f3n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00fanica ni estad\u00edsticas que la cuantifiquen, aunque la OCDE<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">ofrece <strong>una definici\u00f3n de la misma: \u201cconsiste en una serie de<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>actividades relativamente legales pero que son escondidas<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>deliberadamente a las autoridades p\u00fablicas para (\u2026) evitar<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>pagos de impuestos y seguridad social <\/strong>as\u00ed como el cumplimiento<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">de ciertas regulaciones\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Los sectores donde<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">es mayor la incidencia de <strong>trabajadores no declarados son la<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>construcci\u00f3n, la hosteler\u00eda, la agricultura y la ganader\u00eda<\/strong>, la<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">docencia, el comercio, los servicios sociales, la sanidad privada,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">los despachos profesionales, la vigilancia y seguridad,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">el transporte de mercanc\u00edas por carretera.\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong><em>2.1.1.2. Narcotr\u00e1fico, prostituci\u00f3n, tr\u00e1fico de armas.<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><em> <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><em>.\u2026<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><em>\u00b4<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>En resumen, el narcotr\u00e1fico transcurre a trav\u00e9s de la corrupci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>y la intimidaci\u00f3n<\/strong>; adem\u00e1s est\u00e1 difundiendo en las<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">sociedades una narco-cultura. <strong>Mueve grandes capitales con<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>lo que genera un gran poder econ\u00f3mico<\/strong>, se permite tener<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">acceso al proceso pol\u00edtico y se legitima dedicando fondos<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">para obras sociales. Por otro lado, el narcotr\u00e1fico crea empleos<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">en zonas degradadas y <strong>barrios marginales del planeta<\/strong>,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">con las lealtades personales y grupales que tal flujo de dinero<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">irradia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026..<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u201c<strong>La prostituci\u00f3n es el modo de vida de las mafias que<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>trafican con mujeres. Es un hecho que prostituci\u00f3n, trata y<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>tr\u00e1fico de mujeres est\u00e1n \u00edntimamente relacionados<\/strong>. \u2026 en Espa\u00f1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">m\u00e1s del 90% de las mujeres dedicadas a la prostituci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">son inmigrantes en situaci\u00f3n irregular; m\u00e1s de medio mill\u00f3n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">de mujeres y ni\u00f1as son v\u00edctimas de este fen\u00f3meno<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>2.1.2. La Zona gris<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&#8212;&#8212;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><em>2.1.2.1. Los para\u00edsos fiscales y el fraude fiscal<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><em>\u2026\u2026<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><em>\u2026..<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A este fraude fiscal ilegal habr\u00eda que a\u00f1adir el muy cuantioso<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">fraude fiscal legal consistente en utilizar todas las posibilidades<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">que permite la legislaci\u00f3n <strong>para evadir el pago<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>de impuestos.<\/strong> Es sabido que todo el mundo utiliza estas<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">posibilidades, pero actualmente <strong>existen empresas muy potentes<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>especializadas en explorar todas las oportunidades<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>que permiten operaciones financieras muy sofisticadas para<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>no pagar impuestos<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u2026\u2026<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u2026..<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong><em>2.1.2.2. Las prisiones<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><em>\u2026<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><em>\u2026..<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">EL ESTADO Y LAS PRISIONES ESPA\u00d1OLAS:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">L\u00cdDER EN MATERIA PUNITIVA.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>El Estado Espa\u00f1ol contaba en el a\u00f1o 2010 con el mayor n\u00famero<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>de reclusos (en n\u00fameros absolutos) de la Uni\u00f3n Europea<\/strong>,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">as\u00ed como la tasa m\u00e1s alta de personas presas por habitante<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">de la zona euro. Un total de 73.576 personas estaban<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">privadas de libertad54<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>El trabajo en las prisiones<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Talleres productivos (propios \u2013 productos made in cireo<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>para otras empresas<\/strong>, entre los que <strong>destacan carpinter\u00edas<\/strong>,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">talleres de confecci\u00f3n o imprentas y que cuentan con una<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">cartera de clientes de 343 empresas).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">..<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&#8211; <strong>Servicios internos<\/strong> (trabajos que los internos realizan<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">para mantener el funcionamiento de los centros penitenciarios<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">como cocina o la lavander\u00eda).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026..<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&#8212;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&#8211; <strong>Servicios externos<\/strong> (para presos en r\u00e9gimen de semilibertad<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">que trabajan para otras empresas o administraciones<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">en el exterior haciendo instalaciones, limpieza de bosques,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">peque\u00f1as obras etc.).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026..<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>2.1.3. La zona blanca<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">..<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Se refiere a aquellas instituciones que act\u00faan legalmente,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>ostentan la forma de fundaciones y ONGs principalmente<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>bajo la f\u00f3rmula de sin animo de lucro y que reciben ayudas<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>y apoyos fiscales (deducciones)<\/strong> de instituciones p\u00fablicas<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">y privadas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026..<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">L. Galan dice m\u00e1s cosas: como consecuencia de la privatizaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">de los servicios p\u00fablicos que el Estado neoliberal<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">est\u00e1 llevando a cabo \u201cel Estado deja en manos de las ONGs<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">sectores asistenciales b\u00e1sicos, caros y problem\u00e1ticos\u201d <strong>produci\u00e9ndose<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>una sustituci\u00f3n de los derechos sociales por el<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>ejercicio de la funci\u00f3n de benevolencia social, elemento que<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>contribuye al debilitamiento <\/strong>del Estado del Bienestar y, especialmente<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">a ignorar el car\u00e1cter de derechos de ciudadan\u00eda<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">de los mismos. <strong>La caridad y la benevolencia sustituyen a la<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>justicia y a los derechos<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>\u2026\u2026<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Conclusiones<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>la econom\u00eda sumergida, el narcotr\u00e1fico, el<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>comercio de armas, los para\u00edsos fiscales, la prostituci\u00f3n, son<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>importantes cuantitativamente por su volumen<\/strong> y porque,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">manteni\u00e9ndose en los m\u00e1rgenes del sistema logran realizar<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">sus importantes negocios sin obligaciones fiscales y sin someterse<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">a regulaciones de ninguna clase<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><em> <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u2026.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tweet&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. Apuntes sobre la econom\u00eda furtiva del Capitalismo. . . . Notes on the economy of Capitalism poaching \u2026 \u2026.. Taifa \u2026\u2026 \u2026\u2026\u2026 Vamos a la tertulia del University College \u2026\u2026\u2026 .. Etnopaisaje.com &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. ,,,,,,,,,, ,,, ,, Interviene el moderador: \u00a0los autores del informe TAIFA , nos dicen \u201c la econom\u00eda sumergida, el narcotr\u00e1fico, el [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19707","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-etnopaisaje"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19707","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=19707"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19707\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19714,"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19707\/revisions\/19714"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=19707"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=19707"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=19707"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}