{"id":28384,"date":"2014-05-20T08:53:30","date_gmt":"2014-05-20T06:53:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/?p=28384"},"modified":"2014-05-20T08:53:30","modified_gmt":"2014-05-20T06:53:30","slug":"ipcc-y-la-geoingenieria-la-solucion-dolorosa-tambien-es-venenosa-ipcc-and-geoengineering-the-bitter-pill-is-also-a-poison-pill","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/?p=28384","title":{"rendered":"IPCC y la geoingenier\u00eda: la soluci\u00f3n dolorosa tambi\u00e9n es venenosa.IPCC and Geoengineering: the bitter pill is also a poison pill"},"content":{"rendered":"

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IPCC y la geoingenier\u00eda: la soluci\u00f3n dolorosa tambi\u00e9n es venenosa<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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IPCC and Geoengineering: the bitter pill is also a poison pill<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Etnopaisaje.com + dibujos<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Submitted on 16 Abril 2014<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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IPCC y la geoingenier\u00eda:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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la soluci\u00f3n dolorosa tambi\u00e9n es venenosa<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

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Durante la \u00faltima sesi\u00f3n de negociaciones (abril 7-11) el grupo de expertos de Naciones Unidas sobre el clima concedi\u00f3 un reacio gui\u00f1o de apoyo a una controvertida \u2014y en gran parte meramente te\u00f3rica\u2014 t\u00e9cnica de geoingenier\u00eda conocida como BECCS, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s, que son las iniciales de Bioenerg\u00eda con Captura y Almacenamiento de Carbono<\/strong>. La geoingenier\u00eda se refiere a remiendos tecnol\u00f3gicos extremos que buscan alterar el clima en gran escala. En su reporte aprobado el s\u00e1bado 12 de abril, el Grupo de Trabajo III (WGIII) del Panel Intergubernamental sobre Cambio Clim\u00e1tico, IPCC, en gran medida soslay\u00f3 el tema de la geoigneir\u00eda, pero s\u00ed sugiri\u00f3 que BECCS ser\u00eda como una soluci\u00f3n dolorosa que un mundo sobrecalentado tal vez tendr\u00eda que asumir. Seg\u00fan el IPCC, BECCS y otras tecnolog\u00edas de Remoci\u00f3n de Di\u00f3xido de Carbono (RDC) van a volverse necesarias en escenarios \u201crebasados\u201d, donde la mitigaci\u00f3n de las emisiones de gases con efecto de invernadero sea muy dif\u00edcil o tard\u00eda, lo que har\u00e1 que a la larga se necesiten cortes m\u00e1s veloces y profundos de las emisiones para limitar el aumento de la temperatura. El IPCC enfatiza que \u201cel rebasamiento\u201d en general vuelve m\u00e1s dif\u00edcil que cualquier meta de reducci\u00f3n de la temperatura se pueda cumplir<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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En respuesta, grupos de la sociedad civil advirtieron que la soluci\u00f3n dolorosa que implica BECCS es dolorosa precisamente porque intr\u00ednsecamente es muy da\u00f1ina:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u201cConfiar en que BECCS ayudar\u00e1 en un escenario de rebasamiento de las emisiones no solamente es asumir una soluci\u00f3n dolorosa, sino que es enga\u00f1arse con un placebo, que a fin de cuentas podr\u00eda ser hasta venenoso\u201d<\/span><\/strong>, afirm\u00f3 Jim Thomas del Grupo ETC, quien estuvo en Berl\u00edn para las negociaciones. \u201cNo sabemos si con BECCS se podr\u00e1 eliminar exitosamente carbono de la atm\u00f3sfera, pero s\u00ed sabemos que la producci\u00f3n de bioenerg\u00eda <\/span>elimina<\/span><\/em> la tierra a los agricultores, <\/span>elimina<\/span><\/em> los \u00e1rboles de los bosques y <\/span>eliminar\u00e1<\/span><\/em> la coyuntura de los esfuerzos para que se reduzcan las emisiones. Dar prominencia a BECCS en el \u00faltimo informe del IPCC fue un error.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Todos los componentes de BECCS (bioenerg\u00eda, captura y almacenamiento de carbono) son peligrosos, inciertos y riesgosos:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00b7 <\/span><\/span>Cualquier despliegue de BECCS que pudiera tener efectos notorios sobre el clima requerir\u00eda cambios significativos del uso de la tierra para convertirla a terrenos en los que se cultivara biomasa. El <\/span>Resumen para Elaboradores de Pol\u00edticas<\/span><\/em> del WGIII lo dice: \u201clas barreras que se oponen a un despliegue en gran escala de la producci\u00f3n de bionenerg\u00eda incluyen los riesgos y preocupaciones por las emisiones de gases con efecto de invernadero, desde la tierra, la seguridad alimentaria, la conservaci\u00f3n de la biodiversidad y las formas de sustento.\u201d\u00a0 (Traducci\u00f3n nuestra).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00b7 <\/span><\/span>Actualmente no hay una forma segura y efectiva para almacenar di\u00f3xido de carbono (CO2) bajo el suelo. Hoy en d\u00eda, el CO2 almacenado se vende a las compa\u00f1\u00edas petroleras para incrementar la recuperaci\u00f3n del petr\u00f3leo, aumentando como consecuencia la cantidad de combustibles f\u00f3siles susceptibles de quemarse. No sorprende que la industria de los combustibles f\u00f3siles est\u00e9 invirtiendo en el desarrollo de la captura de carbono como forma de asegurar a los inversionistas que sus billones de d\u00f3lares de activos no perder\u00e1n valor. En este reporte, el IPCC enfatiz\u00f3 que \u201cla disponibilidad de t\u00e9cnicas de captura y almacenamiento de carbono reducir\u00e1n los efectos adversos de la mitigaci\u00f3n sobre el valor de los activos de combustibles f\u00f3siles.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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El WGIII reconoci\u00f3 que con respecto a las t\u00e9cnicas de remoci\u00f3n de di\u00f3xido de carbono, \u201cla disponibilidad y escala de esas\u2026 tecnolog\u00edas y m\u00e9todos son inciertas y\u2026 se asocian, en grados diversos, con retos y riesgos.\u201d M\u00e1s a\u00fan, el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia emiti\u00f3 la siguiente reserva a su aceptaci\u00f3n del texto final del IPCC: \u201cLas tecnolog\u00edas propuestas por el IPCC para promover las acciones de mitigaci\u00f3n se enmarcan principalmente en el uso de las t\u00e9cnicas de geoingenier\u00eda para la remoci\u00f3n de di\u00f3xido de carbono (RDC), particularmente con el uso de la bioenerg\u00eda (BE) y la captura y almacenamiento de carbono (por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s, CCS) y su combinaci\u00f3n en BECCS, y tambi\u00e9n se resaltan las tecnolog\u00edas de Manejo de la Radiaci\u00f3n Solar (MRS). Estas tecnolog\u00edas violan los derechos de la Madre Tierra y particularmente su derecho a adaptarse naturalmente al cambio clim\u00e1tico y tienen un importante impacto sobre la subsistencia y los derechos fundamentales de los pueblos ind\u00edgenas y locales.\u201d (Traducci\u00f3n nuestra<\/strong>).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Los promotores de la geoingenier\u00eda recibieron decepcionados el reporte que se adopt\u00f3 en Berl\u00edn el s\u00e1bado 12 de abril. A pesar de dos a\u00f1os de esfuerzos para lograr que el IPCC apoyara la geoingenier\u00eda y asesorara al grupo de trabajo especial sobre el tema, la inclusi\u00f3n de BECCS, con solamente un respaldo calificado en la contribuci\u00f3n del WGIII al 5\u00ba Reporte de Evaluaci\u00f3n (conocido como AR5), no significa una victoria. El a\u00f1o pasado, <\/span>The Guardian<\/span><\/em> en Reino Unido revel\u00f3 que Rusia hab\u00eda logrado cabildear al grupo de Trabajo I (WGI) del IPCC para que hiciera menci\u00f3n de las propuestas de geoingenier\u00eda relativas al manejo de la radiaci\u00f3n solar (MRS), que intentan bloquear o reflejar la luz del sol (1). Seg\u00fan Associated Press, Rusia volvi\u00f3 a aplicar similar presi\u00f3n sobre el WGIII (2), sin \u00e9xito.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Aunque el informe del s\u00e1bado 12 fue el \u00faltimo de los tres grupos de trabajo del IPCC, la disputa en torno a la geoingenier\u00eda a\u00fan no termina. El IPCC ha estado redactando un documento s\u00edntesis a partir de los reportes de los tres grupos de trabajo, el cual los gobiernos y los expertos revisar\u00e1n en estos d\u00edas. El objetivo es lograr su aprobaci\u00f3n y comenzar a distribuirlo a final de octubre de 2014. La s\u00edntesis de los reportes ser\u00e1 la fuente principal de informaci\u00f3n para los negociadores al Convenio Marco de Naciones Unidas sobre Cambio Clim\u00e1tico (CMNUCC), que se reunir\u00e1n del 1 al 14 de diciembre para su 20ava conferencia de las partes (COP20) en Lima, Per\u00fa. La s\u00edntesis de los reportes se est\u00e1 redactando ahora y a pesar de la falta de entusiasmo por la geoingenier\u00eda en los tres grupos de trabajo, el tema ocupa un espacio en el perfil de lo que ser\u00e1 el documento: \u201cGeoingenier\u00eda: su posible papel, opciones, riesgos y estado.\u201d Sin embargo, como nota Jim Thomas del Grupo ETC, \u201cla geoingenier\u00eda apareci\u00f3 muy poco en los grupos de trabajo II y III, y eso podr\u00eda indicar que su efecto placebo est\u00e1 desapareciendo.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/span>IPCC and Geoengineering: the bitter pill is also a poison pill<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Last week\u2019s negotiating session resulted in the UN\u2019s climate\u00a0expert body giving a reluctant nod of support to a controversial \u2013 and largely theoretical \u2013 geoengineering technique known as BECCS (Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage). Geoengineering refers to extreme technological fixes that aim to alter the climate on a large scale. In its report approved Saturday April 12, Working Group III (WGIII) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) largely \u2013 and wisely \u2013 bypassed geoengineering, but did suggest that BECCS is a\u00a0bitter pill that a warming\u00a0world could find itself having to swallow. BECCS and other Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) technologies will be especially needed, according to the IPCC, in \u201covershoot\u201d scenarios, where mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions is delayed or inadequate, necessitating faster, deeper emissions cuts in the long run to limit temperature rise. The IPCC notes that \u201covershoot,\u201d in general, makes it less likely that any given temperature goal will be met.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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In response, civil society groups warned that the bitterness of the BECCS pill derives from its toxicity:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Relying on the promise of BECCS to allow an overshoot of emissions is not just a bitter pill; it\u2019s a placebo that may be a poison pill,\u201d said ETC\u2019s Jim Thomas, who was in Berlin for the negotiations. \u201cWe don\u2019t know if BECCS will ever be able to successfully suck carbon out of the atmosphere, but we do know that bioenergy sucks land out from under farmers, sucks trees out of forests, and it will suck momentum from efforts to curb carbon emissions. \u00a0The prominence of BECCS in the IPCC\u2019s latest report was a mistake.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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All components of BECCS (i.e., bioenergy, carbon capture, storage) are dangerous, uncertain and risky: <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0 Any deployment of BECCS that would have appreciable effects on the climate would require significant land use changes to convert land for growing biomass. The IPCC\u2019s WGIII Summary for Policy Makers<\/em> (SPM) itself noted, \u201cbarriers to large scale deployment of bioenergy include risks and concerns about greenhouse gas emission emissions from land, food security, biodiversity conservation and livelihoods.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0 There is currently no cost effective and secure way to store carbon dioxide (CO2) underground. At present, captured CO2 is sold to oil companies to increase recovery of oil, thereby increasing the amount of fossil fuels available to be burnt. Unsurprisingly, the fossil fuel industry is invested in developing carbon capture as a way of reassuring its investors that trillions of dollars of assets won\u2019t lose value. In its report, the IPCC noted, \u201cthe availability of CCS would reduce the adverse effect of mitigation on the value of fossil fuel assets.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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WGIII acknowledged that, with regard to BECCS and CDR techniques, \u201cThe availability and scale of these\u2026technologies and methods are uncertain and\u2026are, to varying degrees, associated with challenges and risks.\u201d Further, the Plurinational State of Bolivia issued the following reservation to their acceptance of the final IPCC text: \u00a0\u201cTechnologies proposed by the IPCC to promote mitigation actions are primarily framed through the use of geoengineering based on Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) technologies, particularly with the use of bio-energy (BE) and carbon capture storage (CCS) and their combination as BECCS, and also technologies of Solar Radiation Management (SRM) are highlighted. These technologies violate the rights of Mother Earth, and particularly its right of adapting naturally to the climate change, and have an important impact on the livelihoods and in the fundamental rights of local and indigenous peoples.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Advocates of geoengineering are likely disappointed by the report approved in Berlin last Saturday. Despite a two-year effort to get IPCC support for geoengineering and a special geoengineering working group for them to work through, the inclusion of BECCS, with only a qualified endorsement in WGIII\u2019s contribution to the IPCC\u2019s Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), was no victory. Last year, the UK Guardian<\/em> revealed that Russia had successfully lobbied the IPCC\u2019s WGI to mention solar radiation management (SRM), geoengineering proposals that attempt to block or reflect sunlight (1). According to the Associated Press, Russia applied similar pressure in WGIII (2), to no avail.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Though Saturday\u2019s report was the last to come from the IPCC\u2019s three Working Groups, the fight over geoengineering at the IPCC is not over. The IPCC has been drafting a synthesis document (SYR) from the reports of all three Working Groups, which governments and experts will begin reviewing within the next week. The aim is to have it approved and an advance copy distributed by the end of October 2014. The SYR will be the primary resource for UNFCCC negotiators when they meet 1-14 December for COP20 in Lima, Peru. The SYR is being drafted now and, despite the lack of enthusiasm for geoengineering in the three Working Groups, it occupies a slot in the SYR\u2019s outline: \u201cGeo-engineering \u2013 possible role, options, risks and status.\u201d However, as ETC\u2019s Jim Thomas notes, \u201cGeoengineering\u2019s poor showing in Working Groups Two and Three is a hopeful sign that its \u2018placebo effect\u2019 is wearing off.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Tweet IPCC y la geoingenier\u00eda: la soluci\u00f3n dolorosa tambi\u00e9n es venenosa …… …. IPCC and Geoengineering: the bitter pill is also a poison pill …………. Etnopaisaje.com + dibujos …….. …… Submitted on 16 Abril 2014 ……. IPCC y la geoingenier\u00eda: ………… la soluci\u00f3n dolorosa tambi\u00e9n es venenosa ………………… Durante la \u00faltima sesi\u00f3n de negociaciones (abril […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28384","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-flora"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28384","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=28384"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28384\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28387,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28384\/revisions\/28387"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=28384"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=28384"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=28384"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}