{"id":26710,"date":"2013-12-14T19:34:53","date_gmt":"2013-12-14T17:34:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/?p=26710"},"modified":"2013-12-14T19:34:53","modified_gmt":"2013-12-14T17:34:53","slug":"%c2%bfla-energia-solar-puede-salvar-al-mundo-can-solar-energy-save-the-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/?p=26710","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfLa energ\u00eda solar puede salvar al mundo?.Can solar energy save the world?"},"content":{"rendered":"

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La <\/span>energ\u00eda<\/span> solar puede salvar al mundo?<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Can solar energy save the world?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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E<\/span>tnopaisaje.com + dibujos<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Richard M. Swanson <\/span><\/span><\/strong> <\/span><\/strong>\"http:\/\/media.economist.com\/debate\/img\/author_overlay_icon.png\"<\/span><\/strong> <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Fundador, SunPower Corporation<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Fotovoltaica precios han disminuido un 50% en los \u00faltimos cinco a\u00f1os, y los planes est\u00e1n en su lugar para otro descenso del 50%. Cuando logrado, la energ\u00eda fotovoltaica estar\u00e1n entre las opciones m\u00e1s econ\u00f3micas para la generaci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Contra la moci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p>\n

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Benny Peiser <\/span><\/span><\/strong> <\/span><\/strong>\"http:\/\/media.economist.com\/debate\/img\/author_overlay_icon.png\"<\/span><\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Director de la Fundaci\u00f3n de Pol\u00edtica Global Warming<\/span><\/p>\n

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A pesar de m\u00e1s de 30 a\u00f1os de investigaci\u00f3n, el desarrollo y el despliegue, la energ\u00eda solar ha sido incapaz de resolver los problemas inherentes y obstinados que hacen que esta tecnolog\u00eda rentable para el futuro previsible.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Discurso de apertura del moderador<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Como observa Richard Swanson, este movimiento depende de si el mundo necesita ser salvado, y si es as\u00ed, \u00bfde qu\u00e9?<\/span><\/p>\n

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Hay dos respuestas convencionales a la segunda pregunta. Uno de ellos es, \u00abde los efectos del cambio clim\u00e1tico provocado por el calentamiento global hecho por el hombre\u00bb. El otro es, \u00abde la dependencia de los combustibles f\u00f3siles que son, por definici\u00f3n, un recurso finito<\/span><\/p>\n

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Curiosamente, ambos proponente y oponente se han centrado en el caso de Alemania-y han logrado sacar conclusiones diametralmente opuestas en hacerlo. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Sr. Swanson se\u00f1ala que las renovables suministran una cuarta parte de las necesidades de electricidad de Alemania, que el suministro de energ\u00eda solar solo 5% (y en los d\u00edas soleados de verano, hasta el 40%), y que un tercio de las c\u00e9lulas solares del mundo se han instalado all\u00ed. Es evidente que, a su juicio, esas c\u00e9lulas son una fuerza para el bien.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Benny Peisner, por el contrario, se\u00f1ala que Alemania es el segundo pa\u00eds de la electricidad m\u00e1s cara de Europa, para que su proyecto de ley de subsidio a la energ\u00eda verde es \u20ac 20 mil millones ($ 28 mil millones) al a\u00f1o, y que durante el invierno tiene que importar energ\u00eda de sus vecinos . En su opini\u00f3n, el pa\u00eds se tambalea al borde de los apagones que sufre<\/span><\/p>\n

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Discurso de apertura de la oposici\u00f3n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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pesar de m\u00e1s de 30 a\u00f1os de investigaci\u00f3n, el desarrollo y el despliegue, la energ\u00eda solar ha sido incapaz de resolver los problemas inherentes y obstinados que hacen que esta tecnolog\u00eda rentable para el futuro previsible.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Los peligros de la energ\u00eda solar son cuatro:<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u2022\u00a0 En primer lugar, la energ\u00eda solar sigue siendo demasiado caro y puede subsistir s\u00f3lo con el apoyo de las d\u00e1divas del gobierno o subsidios solares.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u2022\u00a0 En segundo lugar, las subvenciones de miles de millones est\u00e1n causando dificultades econ\u00f3micas y los conflictos sociales como enormes cantidades de dinero est\u00e1n siendo transferidos de las familias pobres y ordinarias a los inversores verdes ricas.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u2022\u00a0 En tercer lugar, la generaci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda fotovoltaica es demasiado irregular y provoca enorme reacci\u00f3n en cadena en problemas como resultado.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u2022\u00a0 Y, por \u00faltimo, donde la energ\u00eda solar a gran escala en competencia con la energ\u00eda convencional a un nivel considerable, toda la red el\u00e9ctrica se enfrenta a perturbaciones y da\u00f1os econ\u00f3micos.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Alemania, que ha sido durante mucho tiempo el l\u00edder mundial en la generaci\u00f3n de electricidad solar, es el mejor y el peor ejemplo de ello. Demuestra por qu\u00e9 solar no est\u00e1 funcionando.<\/span><\/p>\n

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M\u00e1s de la mitad de los paneles solares del mundo se han instalado en Alemania. Pero la energ\u00eda solar es muy poco fiable como fuente de energ\u00eda, no importa cu\u00e1nto se ha instalado un pa\u00eds. Subsidios solares para los financieros alemanes son muy generosas. Garantizan los inversores una rentabilidad anual del 8-10% durante 20 a\u00f1os. Teniendo en cuenta dicha oferta sin precedentes, no es de extra\u00f1ar que m\u00e1s de un mill\u00f3n de familias alemanas ya han instalado paneles solares.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Sin embargo, sin igual auge solar de Alemania ha ensillado el pa\u00eds con las obligaciones de m\u00e1s de \u20ac 130 mil millones en subsidios, lo que lleva a cada vez m\u00e1s altos precios de la energ\u00eda. Estos miles de millones est\u00e1n siendo pagados por las familias normales y las empresas peque\u00f1as y medianas empresas en lo que es, sin duda, una de las mayores transferencias de riqueza de pobres a ricos de la historia europea moderna.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Gravamen de energ\u00edas renovables de Alemania, que subsidia la producci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda verde, subi\u00f3 de \u20ac 14 mil millones a 20 mil millones de \u20ac en s\u00f3lo un a\u00f1o. Desde la introducci\u00f3n de la tasa en el a\u00f1o 2000, las facturas de electricidad de los consumidores alemanes ‘se han duplicado. Alemania es el segundo pa\u00eds de la electricidad m\u00e1s cara de Europa, con un precio medio de 0,27 \u20ac por kilovatio hora. No es de extra\u00f1ar la canciller, Angela Merkel, ha advertido de que la r\u00e1pida expansi\u00f3n de los programas de energ\u00eda verde se debilita la ventaja competitiva de Alemania en la econom\u00eda global.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Defending the motion<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Richard M. Swanson <\/span><\/span><\/strong> <\/span><\/strong>\"http:\/\/media.economist.com\/debate\/img\/author_overlay_icon.png\"<\/span><\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Founder, SunPower Corporation<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Photovoltaics\u00a0prices have declined 50% in the past five years, and plans are in place for another 50% decrease.\u00a0When achieved,\u00a0photovoltaics will be among the lowest cost options for generating electric energy<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Against the motion<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Benny Peiser <\/span><\/span><\/strong> <\/span><\/strong>\"http:\/\/media.economist.com\/debate\/img\/author_overlay_icon.png\"<\/span><\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Director, Global Warming Policy Foundation<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Despite more than 30 years of research, development and deployment, solar energy has been unable to solve the inherent and obdurate problems that make this technology uneconomic for the foreseeable future.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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The moderator’s opening remarks<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Oct 29th 2013 | <\/span>Mr Geoff Carr <\/span><\/span> <\/span>\"http:\/\/media.economist.com\/debate\/img\/author_overlay_icon.png\"<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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As Richard Swanson observes, this motion depends on whether the world needs saving, and if so, from what?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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There are two conventional answers to the second question. One is, \u00abfrom the effects of climate change brought about by man-made global warming\u00bb. The other is, \u00abfrom dependence on fossil fuels that are, by definition, a finite resource\u00bb.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Both of these answers are challengeable. Few informed people doubt that humanity’s outpourings of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide, are altering the climate. But there is doubt over both how big that effect will be and whether the response should be to try to stop the change or to adapt to it. The former would certainly require an all-hands-to-the-pumps approach to alternative energy, in which solar power would play an important\u2014and probably eventually dominant\u2014role. The latter would argue for business as usual, with access to the cheapest energy sources (ie, at the moment, fossil fuels) to help bring about the economic growth that will (inter many alia) help pay for adaptation to an altered climate.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Oct 29th 2013 | <\/span>Benny Peiser <\/span><\/span> <\/span>\"http:\/\/media.economist.com\/debate\/img\/author_overlay_icon.png\"<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Despite more than 30 years of research, development and deployment, solar energy has been unable to solve the inherent and obdurate problems that make this technology uneconomic for the foreseeable future.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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The pitfalls of solar energy are fourfold:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u2022 First, solar energy remains too expensive and can subsist only with the support of government handouts or solar subsidies.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u2022 Second, its multibillion subsidies are causing economic hardship and social conflict as huge amounts of money are being transferred from poor and ordinary families to wealthy green investors.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u2022 Third, photovoltaic energy generation is too irregular and causes huge knock-on problems as a result.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u2022 And finally, where large-scale solar energy competes with conventional energy at a sizeable level, the entire electrical grid faces disruptions and economic damage.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Germany, which has long been the world leader in generating solar electricity, is the best and worst case in point. It demonstrates why solar isn’t working.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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More than half of the world’s solar panels are installed in Germany. But solar energy is notoriously unreliable as a power source no matter how much a country has installed. Solar subsidies for German financiers are extremely generous. They guarantee investors an 8-10% annual return for 20 years. Given such an unparalleled offer, it is not surprising that more than a million German families already have installed solar panels.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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However, Germany’s unmatched solar boom has saddled the country with obligations of more than \u20ac130 billion in subsidies, leading to ever-rising energy prices. These billions are being paid by ordinary families and small and medium-sized businesses in what is undoubtedly one of the biggest wealth transfers from poor to rich in modern European history.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Germany’s renewable energy levy, which subsidises green energy production, rose from \u20ac14 billion to \u20ac20 billion in just one year. Since the introduction of the levy in 2000, German consumers’ electricity bills have doubled. Germany has the second most expensive electricity in Europe, with an average price of \u20ac0.27 per kilowatt hour. No wonder the chancellor, Angela Merkel, has warned that the rapid expansion of green energy programmes is weakening Germany’s competitive advantage in the global economy.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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As wealthy homeowners and businesses owners install solar panels on their houses and commercial buildings, low-income families, living in rented apartments, have to foot rocketing electricity bills. Many can no longer afford to pay, so the utilities are cutting off their power.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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The German Association of Energy Consumers estimates that up to 800,000 Germans have had their power cut off because they couldn’t pay the country’s rising electricity bills. As Der Spiegel warned last month, solar subsidies are turning electricity into a luxury good, threatening to bring down the country’s green energy transition.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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On June 6th this year, Germany’s solar power production touched a new record of 23.4 gigawatts, meeting almost 40% of the country’s entire peak electricity demand. But to understand that this world record is quite meaningless, consider the grid’s narrow escape last winter. For many weeks in December and January, Germany’s 1.1m solar power systems generated almost no electricity. During much of those overcast winter months, solar panels more or less stopped generating electricity. To prevent blackouts, grid operators had to import nuclear energy from France and the Czech Republic and power up an old oil-fired power plant in Austria.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Tweet……………… La energ\u00eda solar puede salvar al mundo? .……………. Can solar energy save the world? ……. ….. Debate ……… ……. ……….. Etnopaisaje.com + dibujos … … … Richard M. Swanson …………… Fundador, SunPower Corporation ………….. Fotovoltaica precios han disminuido un 50% en los \u00faltimos cinco a\u00f1os, y los planes est\u00e1n en su lugar para otro […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26710","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-flora"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26710","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=26710"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26710\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26715,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26710\/revisions\/26715"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=26710"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=26710"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=26710"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}