{"id":26207,"date":"2013-10-17T15:47:32","date_gmt":"2013-10-17T13:47:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/?p=26207"},"modified":"2013-10-17T15:51:31","modified_gmt":"2013-10-17T13:51:31","slug":"la-epoca-en-que-ee-uu-creia-que-podia-dirigir-el-mundo-ha-llegado-a-su-fin-la-epoca-en-que-ee-uu-creia-que-podia-dirigir-el-mundo-ha-llegado-a-su-fin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/?p=26207","title":{"rendered":"La \u00e9poca en que EE.UU. cre\u00eda que pod\u00eda dirigir el mundo \u00abha llegado a su fin\u00bb.La \u00e9poca en que EE.UU. cre\u00eda que pod\u00eda dirigir el mundo \u00abha llegado a su fin\u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"

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La \u00e9poca en que EE.UU. cre\u00eda que pod\u00eda dirigir el mundo \u00abha llegado a su fin\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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The time that the USA believed that could lead the world \u00abhas reached its end\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00abLa \u00e9poca en que los estrategas de EE.UU. cre\u00edan que pod\u00edan dirigir el mundo ha llegado a su fin\u00bb, insiste Andranik Migranyan, director del Instituto de Democracia de Nueva York.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00abCuando la Uni\u00f3n Sovi\u00e9tica colaps\u00f3, EE.UU. se alz\u00f3 como la superpotencia hegem\u00f3nica<\/span><\/strong>. Parec\u00eda que el pa\u00eds hab\u00eda resuelto todos sus problemas. El mundo lo envidiaba. Pero las cosas han cambiado. La historia ha vuelto para vengarse\u00bb, escribe Migranyan en su art\u00edculo ‘El mito del excepcionalismo estadounidense’ en la revista ‘The National Interest’<\/a>..<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\nLos estadounidenses se consideran a s\u00ed mismos una naci\u00f3n excepcional desde hace siglos y solo ahora empiezan a darse cuenta<\/strong> de las dificultades que tienen, subraya el polit\u00f3logo. El t\u00e9rmino ‘excepcionalismo estadounidense’ fue acu\u00f1ado por el historiados franc\u00e9s Alexis de Tocqueville en su obra ‘La democracia en Am\u00e9rica’ (1835-1840). A partir de los a\u00f1os 20 del siglo pasado el t\u00e9rmino\u00a0empieza a utilizarse ampliamente<\/span><\/a>. El curr\u00edculo de las universidades del pa\u00eds incluye un curso titulado ‘El excepcionalismo estadounidense’, la asignatura<\/span> llamada ‘<\/span>El excepcionalismo estadounidense y los derechos humanos‘<\/span> forma parte tambi\u00e9n del Yale World Fellows Program<\/strong>, un programa de la Universidad de Yale que tiene como objetivo formar una red de nuevos l\u00edderes globales emergentes: en \u00e9l cada a\u00f1o participan unas 18 personas seleccionadas entre j\u00f3venes profesionales de todo el planeta.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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El mito presenta a EE.UU. como una tierra prometida que da a los ciudadanos una oportunidad sin precedentes para conseguir la prosperidad y la libertad personal<\/strong>. Por otra parte, la naci\u00f3n estadounidense tiene una misi\u00f3n de liderazgo mundial<\/span> que consiste en ilustrar al resto del planeta y difundir los valores y las instituciones de la democracia. Los problemas llegan cuando los mitos \u00abse enfrentan con la realidad oscura\u00bb, acent\u00faa Migranyan. \u00abEs muy peligroso cuando los pol\u00edticos y la sociedad no se percatan de que <\/span>la brecha entre la ideolog\u00eda y la realidad se est\u00e1 transformando en un profundo precipicio\u00bb, comenta. <\/span><\/p>\n

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A pesar de su deuda colosal y de sus acentuados problemas sociales, EE.UU. sigue siendo un centro clave de la influencia econ\u00f3mica mundial. El pa\u00eds sigue cultivando la idea de su ‘excepcionalismo’, pero est\u00e1 perdiendo los elementos de este ‘excepcionalismo’ uno tras otro, insiste el analista. Uno de los postulados principales \u2013la importancia del trabajo individual como herramienta para lograr la prosperidad personal y colectiva- cae en el olvido: actualmente como m\u00ednimo un 35% de la poblaci\u00f3n est\u00e1 inactiva y vive de los subsidios estatales. <\/strong>Hay pol\u00edticos conservadores que insisten en que esta situaci\u00f3n convirti\u00f3 a EE.UU. en un pa\u00eds ‘ni\u00f1era’<\/span> e hizo que los estadounidenses perdieran su estilo de vida.<\/span><\/p>\n

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En cuanto al otro fundamento del ‘sue\u00f1o estadounidense’ \u2013la idea de que cualquier persona puede escalar infinitamente en la escala social independientemente de su origen, religi\u00f3n o nivel econ\u00f3mico familiar\u2013, cabe decir que el \u00edndice de la movilidad vertical en EE.UU. es uno de los m\u00e1s bajos entre los pa\u00edses desarrollados. Seg\u00fan el Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Pew, en EE.UU. los ingresos y la educaci\u00f3n de los padres resultan m\u00e1s determinantes para la situaci\u00f3n social del individuo que en Canad\u00e1 o en Europa septentrional u occidental. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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El postulado de que la sociedad estadounidense casi no est\u00e1 dividida en clases tampoco se corresponde con la realidad, insiste Migranyan. Desde los a\u00f1os 70 del siglo XX la clase media est\u00e1 disminuyendo, mientras que el n\u00famero de pobres aument\u00f3 en 15 millones de personas en lo que va del siglo XXI<\/strong>. El 80% de los estadounidenses admiten que han estado desempleados m\u00e1s de un a\u00f1o, que se encuentran al borde de la pobreza o que han dependido de la asistencia social en alg\u00fan momento de su vida, seg\u00fan las encuestas<\/a>. Al mismo tiempo, por primera vez en la historia del pa\u00eds\u00a0los ricos<\/a> (un 1% de la poblaci\u00f3n) tienen en sus manos el 19,3% del total de los ingresos familiares<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Hace tiempo el sistema pol\u00edtico de EE.UU. fue un patr\u00f3n que muchos pa\u00edses intentaron copiar. Hoy en d\u00eda, la Constituci\u00f3n del pa\u00eds, un orgullo nacional y otra base de su mito sobre el ‘excepcionalismo’, se est\u00e1 quedando anticuada. Debido al sistema de divisi\u00f3n de los poderes y de controles y contrapesos<\/span> estipulado por la Constituci\u00f3n, el Gobierno de EE.UU. par\u00f3 sus actividades<\/a> y todav\u00eda no ha podido reanudarlas. Un ‘default’ que puede enterrar tanto la econom\u00eda del pa\u00eds como la de todo el mundo en cuesti\u00f3n de d\u00edas<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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En cuanto a la pol\u00edtica exterior del pa\u00eds, tampoco result\u00f3 eficaz, concluye Migranyan. T<\/strong>ras iniciar prolongadas y dolorosas campa\u00f1as en Irak <\/a>y Afganist\u00e1n<\/a>, Washington se retira de los dos pa\u00edses sin conseguir objetivos importantes ni estabilidad. Junto con Francia e Italia, EE.UU. intervino en Libia <\/a>y elimin\u00f3 el poder estatal del pa\u00eds como tal. Como resultado, nadie tiene ni idea de q<\/strong>u\u00e9 va a suceder ahora en Libia. La Casa Blanca no sabe qu\u00e9 hacer con un\u00a0Egipto<\/a> desestabilizado<\/a> con su apoyo, y se ve sumergida en el conflicto sirio<\/a>. \u00abEmpez\u00f3 una nueva era en la que EE.UU.<\/strong> debe aprender a negociar con sus socios y aliados teniendo en cuenta sus intereses, y crear coaliciones para resolver problemas urgentes que ni siquiera un pa\u00eds influyente como EE.UU. puede solucionar en solitario\u00bb, opina el analista.<\/span><\/p>\n

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The time that us strategists.EE.UU. \u00abthey believed that they could address the world has come to an end\u00bb, insists Andranik Migranyan, director of the Institute of democracy in New York.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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When the Soviet Union collapsed,EE.UU. It arose as the hegemonic superpower. It seemed that the country had solved all their problems. The world envied it. But things have changed. History has returned for revenge\u00bb, Migranyan writes in his article ‘The myth of American exceptionalism’ in magazine ‘The National Interest’.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Americans consider themselves an exceptional nation for centuries and only now beginning to realize the difficulties that have, underlines the political scientist. The term ‘American exceptionalism’ was coined by the historied Frenchman Alexis de Tocqueville in his work ‘Democracy in America’ (1835-1840). From the 20 years of the century the term begins to be widely used. The curriculum of the universities of the country includes a course entitled ‘American exceptionalism’, the subject called ‘American exceptionalism and human rights’ is part of the Yale World Fellows Program, a program of Yale University which aims to form a network of new emerging global leaders: each year involves about 18 people selected from among young professionals from all over the world.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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The myth presents to EE.UU. as a promised land that gives citizens an unprecedented opportunity to achieve prosperity and personal freedom. On the other hand, the American nation has a mission of global leadership that is to enlighten the rest of the planet and spread the values and institutions of democracy. The problems come when the myths \u00abare faced with dark reality\u00bb, it emphasizes Migranyan. \u00abIt is very dangerous when politicians and society does not realize that the gap between ideology and reality is becoming a deep precipice,\u00bb he says.<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Despite its colossal debt and its pointed social problems, EE.UU. It remains a key centre of global economic influence. The country continues to cultivate the idea of its ‘exceptionalism’, but is losing this ‘exceptionalism’ elements one after the other, insists the analyst. One of the main postulates – the importance of individual work as a tool to achieve personal and collective – prosperity falls into oblivion: currently a minimum 35% of the population is inactive and living on State allowances. There are conservative politicians who insist that this situation made EE.UU. in a ‘nanny’ country and caused Americans to lose their way of life.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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As another basis of the ‘American dream’ – the idea that anyone can infinitely scale the social ladder regardless of their origin, religion or economic status family, we can say that the rate of vertical mobility in the United States.UU. It is one of the lowest among developed countries. According to the Pew Research, in the United States.UU. the income and education of parents are more decisive for the status of the individual in Canada or Northern or Western Europe.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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The postulate that American society is not divided into classes nor corresponds with reality, insists Migranyan. Since the seventies of the 20th century the middle class is declining, while the number of poor people increased by 15 million people so far in the 21st century. 80% Of Americans admit that they have been unemployed more than one year, that are on the edge of poverty or that have relied on welfare at some point in their lives, according to the surveys. At the same time, for the first time in the history of the country the rich (1% of the population) have in their hands (19.3% of total family income.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Long ago the US political system.UU. It was a pattern that many countries tried to copy. Today, the Constitution of the country, a national pride and another based on the myth of ‘exceptionalism’, is becoming outdated. Due to the system of division of powers and checks and balances provided by the Constitution, the US Government.UU. It stopped its activities and still has not been able to resume. A ‘default’ which can be buried both the economy of the country and around the world in a matter of days.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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On the foreign policy of the country, it was not effective, concludes Migranyan. After long and painful campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan, Washington withdraws from the two countries without achieving important goals or stability. Together with France and Italy, USA.UU. He took part in Libya and eliminated the State power of the country as such. As a result, no one has any idea what’s going to happen now in Libya. The White House does not know what to do <\/span>with<\/span> an Egypt destabilized his support, and is submerged in the Syrian conflict. \u00abIt began a new era in which us.\u00bbUU. You must learn to negotiate with its partners and allies, taking into account their interests, and create coalitions to solve urgent problems that not even an influential country like us.UU. You can solve alone,\u00bbsays analyst<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Tweet………………… La \u00e9poca en que EE.UU. cre\u00eda que pod\u00eda dirigir el mundo \u00abha llegado a su fin\u00bb ……. ………….. The time that the USA believed that could lead the world \u00abhas reached its end\u00bb …….. ….. RT Actualidad \/ Actualidad …….. … Etnopaisaje.com + dibujos. . . . . \u00abLa \u00e9poca en que los estrategas […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26207","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-etnopaisaje"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26207","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=26207"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26207\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26215,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26207\/revisions\/26215"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=26207"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=26207"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=26207"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}