{"id":25254,"date":"2013-07-26T21:56:50","date_gmt":"2013-07-26T19:56:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/?p=25254"},"modified":"2013-07-26T21:56:50","modified_gmt":"2013-07-26T19:56:50","slug":"el-secreto-del-plastico-ecologico-esta-en-bolivia-the-secret-of-the-green-plastic-is-in-bolivia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/?p=25254","title":{"rendered":"El secreto del pl\u00e1stico ecol\u00f3gico est\u00e1 en Bolivia.The secret of the green plastic is in Bolivia"},"content":{"rendered":"

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El secreto del pl\u00e1stico ecol\u00f3gico est\u00e1 en Bolivia<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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The <\/span><\/strong>secret<\/span><\/strong> of the green plastic is in Bolivia<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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BBC Mundo<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Etnopaisaje.com + dibujos<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Una bacteria de Bolivia especialmente prol\u00edfica en la generaci\u00f3n de pol\u00edmeros podr\u00eda ser clave en la fabricaci\u00f3n pl\u00e1sticos biodegradables<\/span><\/strong> y no t\u00f3xicos para el organismo humano<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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El bacilo, de una cepa hasta ahora desconocida, fue bautizado como <\/strong><\/span>Bacillus megaterium<\/span><\/em><\/strong> uyuni S29<\/span><\/em> y la descubrieron en uno de los llamados \u00abojos de agua\u00bb del salar de Uyuni, en el sur del pa\u00eds. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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La bacteria boliviana demostr\u00f3 ser muy productiva<\/span><\/strong>, capaz de generar un pol\u00edmero de propiedades t\u00e9rmicas que lo hacen m\u00e1s f\u00e1cilmente procesable que el producido por otras bacterias, y que podr\u00eda ser muy \u00fatil en la fabricaci\u00f3n de, por ejemplo, materiales de embalaje alimentario o bolsas de basura.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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A bacterium from Bolivia especially prolific in the generation of polymers could be key in manufacturing <\/span>plastics<\/span> biodegradable and non-toxic to the human body<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00bfPl\u00e1stico y bacterias?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Hace tiempo que la ciencia investiga el uso de microorganismos para generar pol\u00edmeros, compuestos qu\u00edmicos a partir de los cuales se pueden elaborar pl\u00e1sticos.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Pero a diferencia de los pol\u00edmeros que se sintentizan qu\u00edmicamente, los que resultan de microorganismos permiten fabricar pl\u00e1sticos naturales, biodegradables y biocompatibles. Y de hecho, ya algunos de estos materiales se utilizan en la industria farmac\u00e9utica y cosm\u00e9tica.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Aunque la industria todav\u00eda sigue decant\u00e1ndose por el uso de procedimientos qu\u00edmicos, empleando esencialmente derivados del petr\u00f3leo, para la elaboraci\u00f3n de estos materiales al ser los procedimientos con bacterias todav\u00eda muy costosos.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Sin embargo, la investigadora Marisol Marqu\u00e9s, doctora en Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas de la Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Catalu\u00f1a (UPC), conf\u00eda en que en un futuro pr\u00f3ximo la bacteria boliviana pueda dar buenos frutos<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Bacterias y pol\u00edmeros<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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La bacteria es capaz de producir grandes cantidades de pol\u00edmeros cuando se la somete a gran estr\u00e9s. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00abEs conocido que hay bacterias que en condiciones extremas, tanto de temperatura, de presi\u00f3n o concentraci\u00f3n de sal<\/strong>, pueden sintetizar cantidades importantes de pol\u00edmeros de reserva, como por ejemplo el conocido como <\/span>poli-beta-hidroxibutirato<\/span><\/em> (PHB)\u00bb, le explic\u00f3 la cient\u00edfica a BBC Mundo. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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La bacteria boliviana pertenece a este \u00faltimo caso al habitar en un entorno con altas concentraciones de sal. Tras ser cultivada en el laboratorio en un estudio preliminar, demostr\u00f3 poder generar grandes cantidades de PHB, que los investigadores aprovecharon para producir micro y nanoesfereas con antibi\u00f3ticos en su interior.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Este tipo de bacterias acumula el poli\u00e9ster PHB, tal y como nosotros acumulamos glucosa, para dotarse de energ\u00eda en el momento que la necesiten.<\/span><\/strong> Para optimizar la producci\u00f3n, lo que hicieron los cient\u00edficos fue disminuir la concentraci\u00f3n de nitr\u00f3geno en el cultivo, para que as\u00ed la bacteria reaccionara acumulando m\u00e1s PHB.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Este procedimiento lo llevaron a cabo en conjunto cient\u00edficos de la UPC y de la Universidad T\u00e9cnica de Graz (Austria), que lograron as\u00ed que las bacterias generaran la mayor cantidad de PHB del g\u00e9nero <\/span>Bacillus<\/span><\/em> que se conoce hasta el momento<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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The<\/span> Bacillus<\/span>, a<\/span> strain<\/span> so<\/span> far<\/span> unknown<\/span>, was<\/span> baptized<\/span> as<\/span> Bacillus<\/span> megaterium<\/span> uyuni<\/span> S29<\/span> and<\/span> was discovered<\/span> in<\/span> one<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> so-called<\/span> \u00abwater<\/span> eye\u00bb<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> salar<\/span> de<\/span> Uyuni<\/span>, in<\/span> the<\/span> South<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> country.<\/span><\/p>\n

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The<\/span> Bolivian<\/span> bacteria<\/span> proved<\/span> to be<\/span> very<\/span> productive<\/span>, capable<\/span> of<\/span> generating<\/span> a<\/span> polymer<\/span> of<\/span> thermal<\/span> properties<\/span> that<\/span> make<\/span> it<\/span> more<\/span> easily<\/span> processable<\/span> by<\/span> other<\/span> bacteria<\/span>, and<\/span> that<\/span> could<\/span> be<\/span> very<\/span> useful<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> manufacture<\/span> of<\/span>, for<\/span> example<\/span>, food<\/span> packaging<\/span> materials<\/span> or<\/span> trash<\/span> bags<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Plastic and bacteria?Some time ago that science investigates the use of microorganisms to produce polymers, chemical compounds from which plastics can be.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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But unlike the polymers to be sintentizan resulting from microorganisms chemically, allow to manufacture plastics, natural, biodegradable and biocompatible. And indeed, already some of these materials are used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Although the industry still still preferring the use of chemical procedures, using essentially derived <\/span>from<\/span> oil, for the production of these materials to be procedures with bacteria still very expensive.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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However, researcher Marisol Marqu\u00e9s, PhD in biological sciences from the Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), is confident that in the near future the Bolivian bacterium can give good fruits<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Bacteria and polymers<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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The bacterium is capable of producing large quantities of polymers when subjected to great stress.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00abIt is known that there are bacteria which in extreme conditions of temperature, pressure or concentration of salt, can synthesize large quantities of polymers of reserve, as for example the known as poly-hydroxybutyrate <\/span>(PHB),\u00bb<\/span> explained the scientific to the BBC<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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The<\/span><\/span> Bolivian<\/span> bacterium<\/span> belongs to<\/span> the latter<\/span> to<\/span> live in<\/span> an environment with<\/span> high salt concentrations<\/span>. After being<\/span> cultured<\/span> in the laboratory<\/span> in a preliminary study<\/span>, proved to generate<\/span> large amounts of<\/span> PHB<\/span>, the researchers<\/span> took<\/span> to produce<\/span> micro<\/span> and<\/span> antibiotic<\/span> nanoesfereas<\/span> inside<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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This type of bacteria accumulated PHB polyester, as we accumulate glucose to provide energy when you need it. To optimize production, what the scientists did was reduce the <\/span>concentration<\/span> of nitrogen in the culture, so thus the bacteria react to accumulating more PHB.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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This procedure carried out in Scientific Assembly of the UPC and the Technical University of Graz (Austria), who managed so the bacteria to generate the greatest amount of PHB of the Bacillus genus which is known so far<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Tweet…………. . El secreto del pl\u00e1stico ecol\u00f3gico est\u00e1 en Bolivia ……. ….. The secret of the green plastic is in Bolivia …….. …… BBC Mundo ….. … Etnopaisaje.com + dibujos …… , … . . Una bacteria de Bolivia especialmente prol\u00edfica en la generaci\u00f3n de pol\u00edmeros podr\u00eda ser clave en la fabricaci\u00f3n pl\u00e1sticos biodegradables y […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25254","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-etnopaisaje"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25254","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=25254"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25254\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25259,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25254\/revisions\/25259"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=25254"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=25254"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=25254"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}