{"id":20784,"date":"2012-10-08T18:19:03","date_gmt":"2012-10-08T16:19:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/?p=20784"},"modified":"2012-10-08T18:20:46","modified_gmt":"2012-10-08T16:20:46","slug":"las-antiguas-momias-chinchorro-en-las-arenas-del-desierto-de-chile-the-chinchorro-mummies-in-ancient-desert-sands-of-chile","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/?p=20784","title":{"rendered":"Las antiguas momias Chinchorro en las arenas del desierto de Chile.The Chinchorro mummies in ancient desert sands of Chile"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Las antiguas momias Chinchorro en las arenas del desierto de Chile<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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The<\/strong> Chinchorro mummies in ancient desert sands of Chile<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Paisaje de cad\u00e1veres pudo haber inspirado las primeras momias<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Landscape<\/strong> of corpses may have inspired the first mummies<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Hace 7000 a\u00f1os, en la quietud del desierto del norte de Chile<\/strong> y con la brisa constante del mar, un pueblo de personas que hoy conocemos como cultura Chinchorro, emprendi\u00f3 un trabajo fascinante: la preservaci\u00f3n de sus muertos. Dos mil a\u00f1os antes que los egipcios<\/strong>, estos antepasados elaboraban las primeras momias artificiales del mundo.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Para realizar este especializado trabajo, los Chinchorro crearon varias t\u00e9cnicas con las cuales confeccionaron momias clasificadas en 3 tipos: Negras, Rojas y con Vendas<\/strong>. En el patio de sus peque\u00f1as viviendas, construidas de palos y cubiertas de pieles de animales marinos, ten\u00edan todos los implementos usados por los expertos y aprendices que practicaban estas t\u00e9cnicas mortuorias: arcillas, fibras, cuchillos, pinturas, cuerdas y agua.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00bf<\/strong>C\u00f3mo hac\u00edan las momias?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Para cada tipo de momia exist\u00eda una t\u00e9cnica y terminaciones especiales. Las negras (5.000 a.c.) eran las m\u00e1s complejas<\/strong>, ya que los cuerpos se reconstru\u00edan como estatuas. Una vez limpio el cuerpo y esqueleto, se creaba un armaz\u00f3n o estructura interna muy r\u00edgida con huesos, palos y juncos, amarrados con cuerdas de fibra vegetal, reforzando la estructura al nivel de las rodillas, codos y tobillos. Luego, el preparador f\u00fanebre moldeaba arcilla gris en todo el cuerpo, recuperando parte del volumen corporal perdido.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Con una pasta negra (\u00f3xido de manganeso), utilizando brochas de fibra vegetal, pintaban externamente todo el cuerpo con una delgada capa.<\/strong> Despu\u00e9s, los preparadores f\u00fanebres creaban una peluca con manojos cortos de cabello, at\u00e1ndolo en unos de sus extremos. Para modelar las caracter\u00edsticas m\u00e1scaras de las Momias Chinchorro, marcaban los ojos con un delgado palito, mientras que la nariz y la boca se se\u00f1alaban con peque\u00f1os orificios<\/strong>. Posiblemente, cre\u00edan que las momias conten\u00edan el esp\u00edritu del difunto, ya que las pintaban con los ojos y la boca abierta proyectando vida.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Las momias rojas (2.000 a.c.) eran un poco m\u00e1s sencillas que las negras y el cuerpo se interven\u00eda menos<\/strong>, ya que hac\u00edan cortes a nivel del est\u00f3mago y remov\u00edan los \u00f3rganos, aunque tambi\u00e9n se reforzaba la estructura con maderos, como en el caso de las momias negras.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Esta exposici\u00f3n constante a las momias naturales pueden haber dado lugar a un culto a los muertos que implica la momificaci\u00f3n artificial<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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7000 Years ago, in the stillness of the desert of northern Chile and<\/strong> with the constant breeze from the sea, a village of people that we know today as Chinchorro culture, undertook a fascinating: the preservation of their dead. Two thousand years before the Egyptians, these ancestors elaborated the first mummies of the artificial world.<\/span><\/p>\n

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To perform this<\/strong> specialized work, the Chinchorro created several techniques with which drew up mummies classified into 3 types: black, red and bandages<\/strong>. On the patio of their small houses, built of sticks and covered with marine animal skins, were all used by experts and apprentices who practiced these techniques mortuary: clays, fibers, knives, paint, rope and water.<\/span><\/p>\n

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How<\/strong> did the mummies<\/strong>?<\/span><\/p>\n

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\nFor each type of mummy was a technique and special finishes. Black (5,000 ac) were the most complex, as the bodies were reconstructed as statues<\/strong>. After cleaning the body and skeleton, is creating a frame or very rigid internal structure with bones, sticks and reeds, tied with ropes of vegetable fiber, reinforcing the structure at the knees, elbows and ankles.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Then, the preparer funeral molded gray clay throughout the body, recovering part of the body volume lost<\/span><\/p>\n

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With<\/strong> a black paste (manganese oxide), using plant fiber brushes, externally painted all over with a thin layer. Then preparers funeral created a wig with short tufts of hair, tying it at one of its ends.<\/strong> To model the characteristics Chinchorro Mummies masks, eye marked with a thin stick, while the nose and mouth were marked with small holes. Possibly the mummies believed contained the spirit of the deceased, as painted with eyes and mouth open projecting life.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Red Mummies (2,000 ac) were a bit simpler than the black and the body intervened less, and that made cuts to the stomach and were removing the organs, but also reinforced the structure with wood, as in the case of black mummies.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\nThis<\/strong><\/span> constant exposure to natural mummies may have led to a death cult involving artificial \u00a0mummification<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Tweet…….. Las antiguas momias Chinchorro en las arenas del desierto de Chile ….. ……. The Chinchorro mummies in ancient desert sands of Chile …. …. Etnopaisaje.com .. .. . . ….. Paisaje de cad\u00e1veres pudo haber inspirado las primeras momias … …… Landscape of corpses may have inspired the first mummies ………… ..Etnopaisaje.com ……… Hace […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20784","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-etnopaisaje"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20784","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=20784"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20784\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22031,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20784\/revisions\/22031"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=20784"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=20784"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=20784"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}