{"id":13654,"date":"2011-06-28T12:02:50","date_gmt":"2011-06-28T10:02:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/?p=13654"},"modified":"2011-07-04T16:52:09","modified_gmt":"2011-07-04T14:52:09","slug":"extincion-masiva-en-los-oceanos-parece-inminente-multiple-ocean-stresses-threaten","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/?p=13654","title":{"rendered":"Extinci\u00f3n masiva en los oc\u00e9anos parece inminente. Multiple ocean stresses threaten."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/twitter.com\/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.floracantabrica.com%2F%3Fp%3D13654&amp;count=none&amp;lang=es&amp;via=lorencincoreses&amp;related=Mujerverdosa&amp;text=Extinci\u00f3n masiva en los oc\u00e9anos parece inminente. Multiple ocean stresses threaten. - Flora Cant\u00e1brica\" class=\"twitter-share-button\">Tweet<\/a><\/p><p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Etnopaisaje.com<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong><a title=\"Extinci\u00f3n masiva en los oc\u00e9anos parece inminente\" href=\"http:\/\/ateaysublevada.over-blog.es\/article-extincion-masiva-en-los-oceanos-parece-inminente-77405967.html\">Extinci\u00f3n masiva en los oc\u00e9anos parece inminente <\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/srv06.admin.over-blog.com\/index.php?id=1242397953&amp;module=admin&amp;action=publicationArticles:editPublication&amp;ref_site=6&amp;nlc__=551308672651\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong><em>Multiple ocean stresses threaten \u201cglobally significant\u201d marine extinction.<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong><em> <\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong><em> <\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong><em>Vamos ala tertulia del University College<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong><em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong><em> <\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong>I<em>nforma el moderador<\/em><\/strong><em>:Los resultados de un panel de 27 expertos de 18 organizaciones reunido en la Universidad de Oxford en abril\u00a0 y publicados esta semana advierten de que los oc\u00e9anos del mundo est\u00e1n en riesgo de entrar en una fase de extinci\u00f3n de las especies marinas sin precedentes en la historia de la Humanidad. Las conclusiones, a\u00fan preliminares, forman parte de un\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.stateoftheocean.org\/pdfs\/1906_IPSO-LONG.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">amplio estudio<\/a> que impulsan el <strong>Programa Internacional sobre el Estado \u00a0de los Oc\u00e9anos (IPSO),<\/strong> la Uni\u00f3n Internacional para la Conservaci\u00f3n de la Naturaleza (IUCN) y la Comisi\u00f3n Mundial de \u00c1reas Protegidas (WCPA). El informe preliminar se\u00f1ala cinco culpables principales como son la poluci\u00f3n, la acidificaci\u00f3n de las aguas, el aumento de su temperatura, la sobrepesca y la hipoxia o disminuci\u00f3n de la cantidad de ox\u00edgeno. Todos tiene algo en com\u00fan: son causados por el hombre.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong><em>.<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong><em>Los mares se est\u00e1n deteriorando mucho m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido de lo previsto debido al efecto acumulativo de factores negativos como la acidificaci\u00f3n, el calentamiento global, la sobreexplotaci\u00f3n pesquera, el aumento en la cantidad de agroqu\u00edmicos y pl\u00e1sticos que acaban en los ecosistemas marinos y la hipoxia, la insuficiente cantidad de oxigeno para la vida.<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong><em>Se estima que hasta el 50% de las especies de ciertos organismos marinos ya se perdieron debido a lo que llamamos desarrollo. \u00abLos resultados de nuestros estudios son consternadores. Al considerar el efecto acumulativo de lo que la humanidad est\u00e1 haciendo a los oc\u00e9anos vimos que las implicaciones eran mucho peores de lo que pens\u00e1bamos\u00bb confes\u00f3 el Dr. Alex Rogers del panel de 27 expertos marinos de seis pa\u00edses, convocados recientemente a un encuentro en Oxford por el Programa Internacional sobre el Estado de los Oc\u00e9anos (IPSO) <\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong><em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">El efecto acumulativo del di\u00f3xido de carbono, la sobrepesca y la contaminaci\u00f3n podr\u00edan causar una muerte masiva de especies marinas, advierte un nuevo estudio.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Los oc\u00e9anos est\u00e1n al borde de una cat\u00e1strofe y el n\u00famero de especies que podr\u00eda desaparecer es comparable a grandes extinciones de la era prehist\u00f3rica, seg\u00fan un nuevo estudio.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Los mares se est\u00e1n deteriorando mucho m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido de lo previsto debido al efecto acumulativo de factores negativos como la acidificaci\u00f3n, el calentamiento global, la sobreexplotaci\u00f3n pesquera y el aumento en la cantidad de agroqu\u00edmicos y pl\u00e1sticos que acaban en los ecosistemas marinos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00abEstamos ante una situaci\u00f3n muy seria que exige acciones inequ\u00edvocas. Hablamos de consecuencias que tendr\u00e1n lugar durante nuestra vida, y a\u00fan peor, durante la vida de nuestros hijos y generaciones posteriores\u00bb, advirti\u00f3 el Dr. Alex Rogers, profesor de conservaci\u00f3n en la Universidad de Oxford, Inglaterra, y uno de los autores del informe.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Consternaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00abNo estoy diciendo que habr\u00e1 algo equivalente a las llamadas cinco grandes extinciones masivas, en las que hubo una p\u00e9rdida del 75% de las especies del planeta en un per\u00edodo de dos millones de a\u00f1os\u00bb, dijo el Dr. Rogers a BBC Mundo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00abPero ciertamente hablamos del alto riesgo de una extinci\u00f3n significativa de especies si no hay cambios. El episodio m\u00e1s cercano a lo que pasa ahora es lo que ocurri\u00f3 hace 55 millones de a\u00f1os. No se trata de una de las cinco grandes extinciones masivas, pero s\u00ed se estima que hasta el 50% de las especies de ciertos organismos marinos se perdieron\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Uno de los mayores factores de riesgo e incertidumbre es el nivel sin precedentes en las emisiones de di\u00f3xido de carbono, CO2, como consecuencia del uso de combustibles f\u00f3siles. Parte del CO2 atmosf\u00e9rico es absorbido por los oce\u00e1nos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong>\u00abEl ritmo al que se est\u00e1 emitiendo CO2 a la atm\u00f3sfera es extraordinario, no se ha visto jam\u00e1s algo equivalente en la historia. Es muy dif\u00edcil saber exactamente qu\u00e9 suceder\u00e1, pero s\u00ed sabemos que los cambios severos en el sistema de carbono en el pasado estuvieron asociados a extinciones\u00bb.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">..<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00abLos resultados de nuestros estudios son consternadores. Al considerar el efecto acumulativo de lo que la humanidad est\u00e1 haciendo a los oc\u00e9anos vimos que las implicaciones eran mucho peores de lo que pens\u00e1bamos\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Fertilizantes y pl\u00e1sticos<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong>Tres factores que han estado presentes en extinciones masivas en el pasado, seg\u00fan el informe, son el calentamiento de los oc\u00e9anos, la acidificaci\u00f3n y un aumento en la hipoxia (bajo nivel de ox\u00edgeno) o apoxia (falta de ox\u00edgeno) en los oc\u00e9anos<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">La ausencia de ox\u00edgeno es consecuencia de la gran cantidad de productos qu\u00edmicos, como los llamados retardantes de llama o fertilizantes, que acaban en los mares.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00abUsamos grandes cantidades de fertilizantes para nuestros cultivos y muchos de esos productos acaban en los r\u00edos y luego en el mar, donde estimulan una explosi\u00f3n en el crecimiento de algas\u00bb, explic\u00f3 el Dr. Rogers a BBC Mundo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00abLas algas que mueren son descompuestas por grandes cantidades de bacterias que consumen ox\u00edgeno y en las \u00e1reas m\u00e1s afectadas vemos lo que se llama zonas muertas, porque sin ox\u00edgeno los organismos marinos no pueden sobrevivir\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Muchos productos qu\u00edmicos son adem\u00e1s absorbidos por part\u00edculas de pl\u00e1stico en los mares, que a su vez son consumidas por peces.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">El estudio ilustra una serie de casos particulares, como el blanqueamiento masivo que mat\u00f3 en 1998 al 16% de los corales del planeta. Otro caso mencionado es la sobrepesca que ha causado la reducci\u00f3n de algunas especies de peces en un 90%.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong>\u00abLa hora es ahora\u00bb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00abTenemos una opci\u00f3n muy simple. O actuamos muy, muy r\u00e1pido o enfrentaremos vivir en un planeta muy diferente a aquel en el que evolucion\u00f3 la humanidad\u00bb, advirti\u00f3 el Dr. Rogers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">El informe llama a la adopci\u00f3n de medidas para reducir las emisiones de CO2 y llevar la pesca a niveles sostenibles, eliminado pr\u00e1cticas pesqueras destructivas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Tambi\u00e9n insta a la creaci\u00f3n urgente de una red de \u00e1reas marinas protegidas, para permitir que estos ecosistemas se recuperen y generen resistencia ante el cambio clim\u00e1tico.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">El experto de la Universidad de Oxford tambi\u00e9n cree que no se trata s\u00f3lo de un problema para instituciones y gobiernos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00abHablamos tambi\u00e9n de cambios en el estilo de vida, de usar menos electricidad, elegir qu\u00e9 tipo de pez comemos y hacer saber a los pol\u00edticos que \u00e9sta es una cuesti\u00f3n que concierne a nuestro futuro y al de nuestros hijos\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Otro de los autores del informe, Dan Laffoley, jefe de la Comisi\u00f3n Mundial de \u00c1reas Protegidas y asesor de la UICN, reconoce que los desaf\u00edos son enormes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00abPero a diferencia de otras generaciones, nosotros sabemos lo que debemos hacer\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00abLa hora de proteger al coraz\u00f3n azul de nuestro planeta es ahora\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Multiple ocean stresses threaten \u201cglobally significant\u201d marine extinction<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13655\" title=\"image002\" src=\"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/image002225.jpg\" alt=\"image002\" width=\"567\" height=\"222\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/image002225.jpg 567w, http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/image002225-300x117.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 567px) 100vw, 567px\" \/><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">A high-level international workshop convened by IPSO met at the University of Oxford earlier this year. It was the first inter-disciplinary international meeting of marine scientists of its kind and was designed to consider the cumulative impact of multiple stressors on the ocean, including warming, acidification, and overfishing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">The 3 day workshop, co-sponsored by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), looked at the latest science across different disciplines.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">The 27 participants from 18 organisations in 6 countries produced a grave assessment of current threats \u2014 and a stark conclusion about future risks to marine and human life if the current trajectory of damage continues:\u00a0<strong>that the world&#8217;s ocean is at high risk of entering a phase of extinction of marine species unprecedented in human history<\/strong>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Delegates called for urgent and unequivocal action to halt further declines in ocean health. (<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.stateoftheocean.org\/pdfs\/1806_IPSOPR.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">click for press release<\/a><\/strong>)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">The report summary (released 21 June 2011) outlines the main findings and recommendations.\u00a0<strong>The full report will be released at a later date.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">An international panel of experts warns in a report released today that marine species are at risk of entering a phase of extinction unprecedented in human history.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">The preliminary report arises from a \u2018State of the Oceans\u2019 workshop co-hosted by IUCN in April, the first ever to consider the cumulative impact of all pressures on the oceans. Considering the latest research across all areas of marine science, the workshop examined the combined effects of pollution, acidification, ocean warming, over-fishing and hypoxia (deoxygenation).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">The scientific panel concluded that the combination of stresses on the ocean is creating the conditions associated with every previous major extinction of species in Earth\u2019s history. And the speed and rate of degeneration in the ocean is far greater than anyone has predicted.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">The panel concluded that many of the negative impacts previously identified are greater than the worst predictions. As a result, although difficult to assess, the first steps to globally significant extinction may have begun with a rise in the extinction threat to marine species such as reef-forming corals.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u201cThe world\u2019s leading experts on oceans are surprised by the rate and magnitude of changes we are seeing,\u201d says Dan Laffoley, Marine Chair of IUCN\u2019s World Commission on Protected Areas, Senior Advisor on Marine Science and Conservation for IUCN and co-author of the report. \u201cThe challenges for the future of the ocean are vast, but unlike previous generations, we know what now needs to happen. The time to protect the blue heart of our planet is now, today and urgent.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u201cThe findings are shocking,\u201d says Dr Alex Rogers, Scientific Director of the International Programme on the State of the Ocean (IPSO) which convened the workshop. \u201cAs we considered the cumulative effect of what humankind does to the ocean, the implications became far worse than we had individually realized. This is a very serious situation demanding unequivocal action at every level. We are looking at consequences for humankind that will impact in our lifetime, and worse, our children\u2019s and generations beyond that.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Marine scientists from institutions around the world gathered at Oxford University under the auspices of IPSO and the IUCN. The group reviewed over 50 of the most recent research papers by world ocean experts and found firm evidence that the effects of climate change, coupled with other human-induced impacts such as over-fishing and nutrient run-off from farming, have already caused a dramatic decline in ocean health.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Increasing hypoxia and anoxia (absence of oxygen, known as ocean dead zones) combined with warming of the ocean and acidification are the three factors which have been present in every mass extinction event in Earth\u2019s history.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">There is strong scientific evidence that these three factors are combining in the ocean again, exacerbated by multiple severe stresses. The panel concluded that a new extinction event was inevitable if the current trajectory of damage continues, and could be said to have already begun.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Facts highlighted by the panel include:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u2022 The levels of carbon being absorbed by the ocean are already far greater now than at the time of the last mass extinction of marine species, some 55 million years ago, when up to 50% of some groups of deep sea animals were wiped out.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u2022 A single mass coral bleaching event in 1998 killed 16% of all the world\u2019s tropical coral reefs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u2022 Overfishing has reduced some commercial fish stocks by more than 90%.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u2022 New science also suggests that pollutants including flame retardant chemicals and synthetic musks found in detergents are being traced in the Polar Seas, and that these chemicals can be absorbed by tiny plastic particles in the ocean which are in turn eaten by marine creatures.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">The experts agreed that adding these and other threats together means that the ocean and the ecosystems within it are unable to recover, being constantly bombarded with multiple attacks.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">The report sets out a series of recommendations and calls on states, regional bodies and the United Nations to implement measures to better conserve ocean ecosystems, and in particular demands the urgent adoption of better governance of the largely unprotected high seas which make up the majority of the ocean.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">For more information contact:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">About the report\u2019s authors<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Alex Rogers is Professor of Conservation Biology at the Department of Zoology, University of Oxford and a Fellow of Somerville College. He is a marine biologist with special expertise on deep-sea ecosystems, particularly cold-water coral habitats, seamounts and hydrothermal vents and has recently led scientific expeditions to the Indian and Southern Oceans. He also has a special interest in sustainable use of the oceans and human impacts on marine ecosystem. Professor Rogers is also Scientific Director of the International Programme on State of the Ocean, an NGO that is specifically analysing current impacts on marine ecosystems globally (see below).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Professor Dan Laffoley is a key figure at the global scale on marine conservation, and widely recognized for his leadership on Marine Protected Areas and innovative conservation approaches. For over 25 years he has been involved in leading marine protection efforts at UK, European and global scales creating many of the key initiatives and concepts that underlie our modern approaches to protecting the ocean.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13677\" title=\"image002\" src=\"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/image002226.jpg\" alt=\"image002\" width=\"567\" height=\"792\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/image002226.jpg 567w, http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/image002226-214x300.jpg 214w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 567px) 100vw, 567px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tweet&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. Etnopaisaje.com &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. Extinci\u00f3n masiva en los oc\u00e9anos parece inminente Multiple ocean stresses threaten \u201cglobally significant\u201d marine extinction. Vamos ala tertulia del University College Informa el moderador:Los resultados de un panel de 27 expertos de 18 organizaciones reunido en la Universidad de Oxford en abril\u00a0 y publicados esta semana advierten de que los oc\u00e9anos del [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13654","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-flora"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13654","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13654"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13654\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13747,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13654\/revisions\/13747"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13654"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13654"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.floracantabrica.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13654"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}